Evaluation of vitamin-D, calcium, and phosphorus levels among diabetes mellitus type 2 in malwa belt of Punjab

Abstract

Background: Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or noninsulin-dependent diabetes is an endocrinological disease of impaired metabolism of carbohydrates. T2DM is increasing both nationally and worldwide at an alarming rate. In intermediary metabolism, including enzyme activities, electrical gradients and cellular function Vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus play an important role. Disturbances in the levels of Vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus were found to be associated with T2DM. The present study is aimed to evaluate the levels of Vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus levels in 300 patients, of which 150 were nondiabetic healthy individuals (control) and 150 were T2DM patients. Materials and Methods: A volume of 5 ml of the blood sample was taken after 12 h of overnight fasting by complete aseptic means from the antecubital vein with the sterilized disposable syringe for fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG), glycated hemoglobin, serum 25 hydroxy (OH) Vitamin D (25[OH]D), calcium, and phosphorus. Results: Of 150 type-2 diabetic and 150 nondiabetic group, there was a significant statistical difference between the diabetic and nondiabetic group for FPG (P < 0.001), PPPG (P < 0.001), 25(OH) D (P < 0.001), calcium (P < 0.001), and phosphorus (P < 0.001). 25(OH) D, calcium, and phosphorus levels were decreased in T2DM patients as compared to the control group. Conclusion: This study revealed that there is a significant decrease in the levels of Vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus in Type-2 diabetic patients, which may be an important factor in the early onset of the disease in susceptible individuals.