Abstract
Job-related vision standards have become an increasing concern in recent years. Mobile visual acuity measurements enable early detection and diagnosis of visual impairments and are being used around the world. However, the reliability of mobile visual acuity testing has not yet been fully demonstrated. A simple virtual reality (VR) system combining a mobile phone and a VR cardboard device has the potential as a reliable visual acuity evaluation system due to its fully controlled environment. Visual acuity measurements taken via this type of VR system were evaluated by comparing them with those obtained using the traditional Snellen chart. This study gathered data according to different parameters, including right or left eye, with or without corrective vision devices, and the learning effects of the system. The results showed that the VR system had an accuracy of up to 96.43% and 92.86% for the left and right eyes, respectively, for participants not using corrective devices. In the same group, the proposed system provided significant correlation results for Spearman’s r parameters for the left and right eyes (0.7342 and 0.8188, respectively), as compared to those obtained using a traditional approach. Therefore, despite some limitations, a mobile VR system has potential as a self-diagnostic tool for rapid, low-cost visual acuity measurements in a fully controlled environment as well as for providing historical vision data and tracing for the early detection of visual impairments or conditions.
Highlights
IntroductionVision problems are a serious concern across industries, especially since they appear to be increasing [1]
Mobile visual acuity measurements can be operated by laymen for large-scale population screening and to provide early detection of vision impairment, which may benefit both employees and employers [7]
virtual reality (VR) acts as a communication interface based on interactive three-dimensional visualizations that allow the user to interact with various environments and integrate different sensory inputs that simulate real-world experiences [35]. e standard eye chart can be incorporated into head-mounted displays (HMDs) with lenses that focus and reshape the picture for each eye and create a stereoscopic 3D image by angling two 2D images to mimic how humans see the world from various points of view
Summary
Vision problems are a serious concern across industries, especially since they appear to be increasing [1]. Visual acuity ensures that workers are able to meet a broader range of required tasks. Some studies have suggested that laborrelated vision standards should be adjusted based on the job requirements [1, 2]. Mobile healthcare has identified improved methods to assist in diagnosing vision problems, which has simplified and increased the accuracy of selftesting options in many healthcare applications [3–6]. Mobile visual acuity measurements can be operated by laymen for large-scale population screening and to provide early detection of vision impairment, which may benefit both employees and employers [7]. Mobile healthcare innovations have the potential to change the way visual acuity can be detected; people can use different visual acuity measurement tools to perform the test on themselves. Yeung et al [8, 9] evaluated 42 apps in Google online, Google Play (Android), and the App Store (iOS) and found that the validity and reliability of most tools had not yet been clearly established
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