Abstract
The article evaluates the effectiveness of two new designed module-integrated three-dimensional (3D) printed spacers in enhancing wastewater ultrafiltration efficiencies using vibratory shear-enhanced processing (VSEP). The study investigates the star-shaped spacer filled module channel (star spacer) and the column-shaped herringbone spacer filled module channel with the same position as the flow direction (column spacer) and with the opposite position as the flow direction (rev column spacer). It compares the VSEP module-integrated spacers with membrane module vibration (module vibration) and empty membrane module channel (control) configurations. The results show that the module integration of the 3D printed spacers can greatly improve the specific, average, and constant permeate fluxes and can contribute to reducing the total, reversible and irreversible resistance values, and specific energy consumption of the ultrafiltration membrane separation experiments. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into improving the performance of wastewater ultrafiltration systems and fouling mitigation through the module integration of 3D printed spacers and membrane module vibration. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Vibratory shear-enhanced processing (VSEP) ultrafiltration module-integrated 3D printed spacers were successfully fabricated and evaluated for improved wastewater treatment. Two spacer designs, a star-shaped and a column-shaped herringbone, were compared with an empty membrane module channel with and without vibration. Two configurations of the column-shaped spacer, in the same and reversed flow direction, were tested. Specific energy consumption was calculated and compared for all configurations. Significant improvements in ultrafiltration performance were observed with the use of spacers compared with an empty module channel, including enhanced permeate fluxes and reductions in both total and reversible, as well as irreversible, resistance.
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