Evaluation of validity and reliability of coronavirus preventive behaviors in pregnant women based on health belief model

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which spread from China, had a high prevalence and mortality rates and affected all age groups. Pregnant women were among the affected people. This study aims to design and evaluate the validity and reliability of a tool for measuring the preventive behaviors of pregnant women in Iran against COVID-19 based on the health belief model (HBM). Methods: This descriptive-applied study was performed on 20 pregnant women in Qom, Iran in 2021. The questionnaire was sent to the participants electronically using the prepared link. The validity was assessed based on the opinions of 9 faculty members, and reliability was assessed using the test re-test method (Pearson’s correlation coefficient) and Cronbach’s α. Results: The final draft had 44 questions; 5 items related to perceived sensitivity, 6 items related to perceived severity, 8 items related to perceived benefits, 8 items related to perceived barriers, 8 items related to cues of action, and 9 items related to self-efficacy. Cronbach’s α for the overall scale was 0.87, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.86. Conclusion: The designed HBM-based tool has acceptable validity and reliability for measuring preventive behaviors against COVID-19 in pregnant women in Iran. It can be used in other relevant studies. Further similar studies in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic are needed.