Abstract
To evaluate structural profiles and mechanical behaviour of WaveOne Gold (WOG), Twisted File Adaptive (TFA) and XP-endo shaper (XPS) instruments after root canal preparation. Standardized in vitro shaping was performed in presence of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. File morphology was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction analysis was performed before and after use along with Raman spectroscopy. Nanoindentation was carried out to characterize surface topography. Ni2+ release was measured at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was done before and after use. After allocating scan line shifts like in WOG, mechanical deformation was shown using first order polynomials. XPS file system showed minimal grooves on surface. SEM of WOG instrument showed scraping surface defects. Hardness varied from 8.11 ± 0.99 GPa in TFA system to 6.7 ± 1.27 GPa and 4.06 ± 4.1 GPa in XPS and WOG. Ni2+ concentration from WOG was 171.2 μg/L. Raman peak at 540–545 cm−1 is attributed to Cr2O3. High resolution of Ti 2p spectrum show distinctive peaks with binding energies dominating in WOG, XPS and TFA file system. XRD exhibited NiTi phases with diffraction peaks. WOG files showed more surface deterioration and less passive layer formation as compared to TFA and XPS systems.
Highlights
To evaluate structural profiles and mechanical behaviour of WaveOne Gold (WOG), Twisted File Adaptive (TFA) and XP-endo shaper (XPS) instruments after root canal preparation
Root canal preparation is a central step in endodontic therapy, which influences the success of the procedure
Nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments have become popular in endodontics because of their greater flexibility compared to stainless steel instruments, which results in fewer procedural e rrors[1,3]
Summary
To evaluate structural profiles and mechanical behaviour of WaveOne Gold (WOG), Twisted File Adaptive (TFA) and XP-endo shaper (XPS) instruments after root canal preparation. File morphology was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction analysis was performed before and after use along with Raman spectroscopy. WOG files showed more surface deterioration and less passive layer formation as compared to TFA and XPS systems. Root canal preparation is a central step in endodontic therapy, which influences the success of the procedure. The disadvantage of NiTi instrument is unexpected instrument f racture[4], which compromises the root canal d isinfection[5] Various surface defects, such as pitting, metal flash and grinding marks on the instrument may act as stress concentration points, which reduces the resistance to fatigue fracture[6,7,8]. The manufacturer claims that gold treatment technology will improve the strength and flexibility of the instrument[11] (WaveOne Gold, Surf the Canal with Confidence, Dentsply Sirona Endodontics)
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