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Abstract
Abstract Noise from the information communication process produced by the interfaces of navigation systems has overloaded drivers' cognitive processing systems and increased the probability of traffic accidents. This work evaluates the usability of maps of different scales in a prototype route guidance and navigation system. The maps were designed on basic cartographic communication principles, such as perceptive grouping and figure-ground segregation, as well drivers’ requirements for performing a tactical task. Two different scales were adopted, 1:3,000 and 1:6,000, and the maps implemented in the prototype. A total of 52 subjects (26 males and 26 females) participated in an experiment performed in a driving simulator. The maps describe an urban route composed of 13 simple and complex maneuvers. The drivers’ mental workload was measured in terms of visual demand, navigational error and subjective preference. Results reveal that the usability of maps is influenced by map scale variation, and this is related to maneuver complexity. Also, an association between drivers’ visual demand and gender was found, and this was related to drivers’ spatial ability. More implications are presented and discussed.
Highlights
IntroductionRoute Guidance and Navigation Systems (RGNS) offer greater mobility to drivers to accomplish their navigation tasks
According to the results of the driving simulation task, we conclude that the map scale selection has an influence on the usability of these systems, and this depends on the maneuver complexity variation level
We found that the maps were efficient and effective in supporting tactical tasks related to simple maneuvers and that driver preference was shared
Summary
Route Guidance and Navigation Systems (RGNS) offer greater mobility to drivers to accomplish their navigation tasks. Navigation tasks are divided into two main stages (Michon 1985, Burnett 1998). While route planning does not involve any kind of movement, for the route following task it is supposed a route has been selected previously (Golledge 1999). An RGNS should assist drivers at different stages, and one of the main task is called the tactical task which refers to the preparation for achieving the maneuver (Michon 1985, Pugliesi, Decanini and Tachibana 2009). The term maneuver is employed to indicate any kind of direction change in the same road or between different roads
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