Evaluation of Urinary Calcium–Creatinine Ratio for Early Prediction of Preeclampsia

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the most important hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. It is one of the fatal complications with significant mortality and morbidity. Incidence of preeclampsia is around 5-10% of all pregnancies, and in developing countries like Bangladesh it is around 4-18%. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of urinary calcium-creatinine ratio in a spot urine sample for early prediction of preeclampsia in pregnant women. Methods: It's a cross sectional type of analytical study, done in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sir Salimuilah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka. After fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria total 100 pregnant women with risk factors of preeclampsia were enrolled as the study population. Results: Among different parameters serum calcium concentration of normal pregnancy and preeclampsia group varied significantly (p<0.05). Women with preeclampsia showed reduced excretion of calcium in comparison to normal pregnant women when spot urinary calcium concentration was evaluated. In this study comparison of spot urinary calcium-creatinine ratio in normal pregnant woman and in preeclamptic women was done and the result was highly significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: This study is intended to identify at risk patients and put selection criteria for primary prevention to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients of preeclampsia. It showed lower urinary calcium excretion and calcium-creatinine ratio in preeclamptic women than normotensive pregnant women. Therefore, a single random urinary calcium-creatinine may be an effective tool for the early diagnosis of preeclampsia.