Evaluation of urban growth effects on surface runoff using SCS-CN method and Green-Ampt infiltration model

Abstract

Evaluation of land cover/use change and its impact on hydrological design aspects plays a vital role in assessing the capacity of existing storm water conveyance systems and its capability towards the anticipated peak flow. This paper attempts to illustrate an application of Soil Conservation Service (SCS-CN) method for runoff estimation using continuous time series rainfall. And also, the present work proposes a Land use factor based on the Curve Number to correct the infiltration rate according to the prevailing land cover/use. Indian remote sensing (IRS) satellite data for the years 1989, 1992, 1995, 1998, 2001, 2004, 2007, and 2010 are used to evaluate the growth of Tiruchirapalli city, India city and to assess its impact on surface runoff. The Geographical information system (GIS) is used to prepare the different layers belonging to various land covers identified from remotely sensed data. The sub-watersheds are created using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) prepared by ARC GIS software. The single storm event and 50-year return period rainfall data are used as a hydrological input to the model to evaluate the increase in runoff over the years due to change in the land cover of the study area. The study reveals that the impact of land cover/use change is more significant for longer duration storm than short duration storm at the same magnitude. Further, it is noticed from the study that the runoff depth and runoff co-efficient is large for short duration rainfall than long duration rainfall at the same magnitude.