Abstract
Introduction: Gallstone (GS) is an important cause of morbidity all over the world. Gallstones are becoming increasingly common and are seen in all age groups. When there is an imbalance in the chemical constituents of bile that result in precipitation of one or more of the components gall stones are formed. In majority of the cases they do not cause symptoms, and about 10% to 20% will eventually become symptomatic within 5 years and 20 years of diagnosis. Gallstones contain mainly cholesterol, bilirubin, and calcium salts, with some amounts of protein and other materials. Pure cholesterol crystals are generally soft, and protein contributes to the strength of cholesterol stones. Pigment stones account for 30 % of gallstones and are divided into black pigment and calcium bilirubinate stones.
 Material and Methods: Demographic characteristics of the patients participating in the study such as age, sex, occupation, lifestyle habits such as alcohol consumption , smoking, sports activity , medication if any used, any diseases, Body mass index (BMI), milk consumption, liver diseases and dietary habits was obtained. Patients were divided into two groups depending upon the type of gall stone either cholesterol or pigment stone.
 Results: A total of 76 patients were included in the present study who underwent cholecystectomy surgery. Age group of more than 51 years showed maximum number of stones in both the groups. Maximum numbers of stones were seen in patients having family history of stones. Patients who were overweight and obsess were having higher incidence of gall stone as compared to normal weight and slim population. Formation of stones in female was more as compared to males.
 Conclusion: Various factors can be considered for the formation of gall stones of which gender, increasing age, genetic factors, dilatory habits, and sedentary lifestyle can be considered as the contributing factors for formation of gall stones and most of them can be prevented by proper education.
 Keywoerds: GS, BMI, liver disease, smoking, alcohol consumption.
Highlights
Gallstone (GS) is an important cause of morbidity all over the world
Material and Methods: Demographic characteristics of the patients participating in the study such as age, sex, occupation, lifestyle habits such as alcohol consumption, smoking, sports activity, medication if any used, any diseases, Body mass index (BMI), milk consumption, liver diseases and dietary habits was obtained
A total of 76 patients were included in the present study who underwent cholecystectomy surgery
Summary
Gallstone (GS) is an important cause of morbidity all over the world. Gallstones are becoming increasingly common and are seen in all age groupsi. When there is an imbalance in the chemical constituents of bile that result in precipitation of one or more of the components gall stones are formediii.In majority of the cases they do not cause symptoms, and about 10% to 20% will eventually become symptomatic within 5 years and 20 years of diagnosisiv,v.Gallstone disease is often thought to be a major affliction in modern society. Gallstones contains mainly cholesterol, bilirubin, and calcium salts, with some amounts of protein and other materialsvi,vii.Three types of gallstones has been described. Temporary interruption of the enterohepatic bile acid circulation during overnight fasting leads to a higher cholesterol/phospholipid ratio in the vesicles secreted by the liver. Pigment stones account for 30 % of gallstones and are divided into black pigment and calcium bilirubinate stonesxiii. Calcium bilirubinate stones are generally soft, brown, and malodorousxiv
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