Evaluation of two solvent extraction on solid phase extraction methods for determination of nonylphenol contaminant in river water

Abstract

Nonylphenol (4-NP) is a dangerous xenobiotic compound and belongs to the endocrine disruption group (EDC) because it can disrupt the hormonal system in living organisms which will cause pathological changes. Although NP is present at low concentrations, the risks of long-term exposure to low concentrations remain largely unknown. This study evaluated two solvent extraction on solid phase extraction (SPE) methods using gas chromatography to determine nonylphenol to find the best solvent extraction and efficient preparation approaching on Green Analytical Chemistry concept. The extraction was performed using methanol and methanol-acetonitrile (1:1). The measurement was performed using gas chromatography with HP-5 column and flame ionization detector. The linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection and limit of quantification were evaluated. NP determination was linear at the concentration range of 0.1-10 µg/mL. The precision of 2.39-12.63 % was obtained for both methods. The recovery of the fortified sample (0.05 and 0.1 µg-NP/mL) were 80.98-118.78 % for extraction using methanol and 99.20-106.78% for extraction using methanol-acetonitrile. Limits of detection and quantification using methanol were 0.05 and 0.1 µg/mL. Limits of detection and quantification using methanol-acetonitrile were 0.005 and 0.05 µg/mL. Based on the high recovery and low limits detection and quantification, extraction using methanol-acetonitrile method can be used for rapid and accurate quantification of nonylphenol.