Evaluation of two new gadolinium chelates as contrast agents for MRI

Abstract

Two new gadolinium chelates were investigated for potential use as tissue-specific contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. In vitro measurements of stability constants, octanol/water partition coefficients and relaxation times in solutions of water and human serum albumin (HSA) were performed with each new chelate and compared with gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, Gd(DTPA). Biodistribution studies and magnetic resonance imaging in rats were used to evaluate the new chelates in vivo. The stability constants (log K) of gadolinium- N,N″-bis(3-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)diethylenetriamine- N,N′,N″-triacetic acid, Gd(DTTA-HP), and gadolinium-1,7-13-triaza-4,10-16-trioxacyclooctadecane- N,N′,N″-triacetic acid, Gd(TTCT), were determined to be 23.65 and 18.07, respectively. These can be compared to a literature value of 22.46 for Gd(DTPA). Octanol/water partition coefficients for both complexes showed they were more lipophilic than Gd(DTPA). Gd(DTTA-HP) exhibited a smaller relaxivity in water but a larger relaxivity in 4% HSA than Gd(DTPA). Gd(TTCT) exhibited a lower relaxivity than Gd(DTPA) in both water and 4% HSA. Both complexes showed similar biodistributions to Gd(DTPA) no carrier-added concentrations. Gd(DTTA-HP) had a greater percent change in signal intensity than Gd(DTPA) on T 1-weighted spin-echo images in the heart, liver, and kidney. Percent change in signal intensity for Gd(TTCT) was lower than Gd(DTPA) in heart, liver, and kidney.