Abstract
Traumatic human dental injuries involving the pulp might necessitate direct capping procedures. This clinical study aimed to analyse the histological outcomes using two different direct capping materials. Twenty patients with bilateral premolars, scheduled for orthodontic extraction, were selected. The teeth were treated either using ProRoot MTA or RetroMTA. All patients were recalled after 30 and 60 days for teeth extraction. The histopathologically stained specimens were blindly evaluated using hard tissue bridge formation, inflammatory reaction and pulpal findings criteria. Data were evaluated statistically. Results: After 60 days, only the parameter for hard tissue bridge formation showed significant difference in the ProRoot MTA group (p = 0.010), while both direct capping materials performed similarly regarding inflammatory pulp reaction and pulpal findings. Although, during the first 30 days, RetroMTA presented better results in terms of continuity, morphology, hard tissue bridge localisation, and extension/general state of the inflammatory reaction, the continuity was better at 60 days when ProRoot MTA was applied. Treatment with RetroMTA healed the pulpal tissue faster compared with ProRoot MTA but it seemed to be rather a reparative process.
Highlights
Dental trauma is a significant problem in young people
Maintaining the vitality of the dentin–pulp complex is a high priority in cases of traumatic pulp exposures, since vital functioning pulp is capable of initiating several defence mechanisms to protect the body from bacterial invasion
The findings of this study are in accordance with one histological study, which evaluated direct pulp capping performance in dog’s teeth, where no significance could be found between the two test pulp capping materials RetroMTA and ProRoot MTA, where a hard tissue bridge was formed in direct contact to the vital pulp [18]
Summary
Dental trauma is a significant problem in young people. It has been reported that most dental traumatic injuries involve anterior teeth [1]. Once pulpal tissue is exposed to the oral environment, among many other processes, repair or regeneration might occur, which is achieved by encouraging the formation of a “dentin bridge”, using direct pulp capping (DPC) procedures. These involve the medical or addressing material application upon exposed tissue. Performed studies have reported disadvantages using calcium hydroxide such as dentin barrier tunnels, obliteration of the pulp chamber caused by extensive dentin formation, high oral fluid solubility, and a lack of degradation and adhesion after acid etching [5,6,7,8]. Mineral trioxide aggregate is one commonly used pulp capping agent, which was first evaluated by Pitt
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