Evaluation of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Patients

Abstract

Aim: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem genetic, autosomal-dominant disorder predisposing to multiple organ manifestations. The aim of this study is to determine TSC the frequency of findings including diagnostic and non-diagnostic criteria.Patients and Metod: Thirty-five patients diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis complex were examined retrospectively. The diagnosis of the patients were evaluated according to the diagnostic criteria of TSC that were updated in 2012. As non-diagnostic criteria, we reviewed epilepsy, drug-resistant epilepsy, electroencephalography (EEG) types (focal, diffuse-multifocal and hypsarrhythmia) and TAND (TSC-associated neuropsychiatric disorders) (intellectual disability and/or autism and learning disability).Results: Twenty-one cases (60%) presented with seizures, 9 cases (26%) with hypopigmented patches and 5 cases (14%) with cardiac rhabdomyomas. The most common finding with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was cortical tubers (85%). EEG examinations revealed diffuse and multifocal epileptic disorder in 5 (24%), focal epileptic disorder in 8 (38%), and hypsarrhythmia in 8 (38%) patients. 38% of the patients with epilepsy were diagnosed with refractory epilepsy. Severe intellectual disability and / or autism were detected in 11 (32%) patients. The number of patients with renal angiomyolipoma (p:0.001) were significantly higher in drug resistant epilepsy patients and also TSC-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TAND) (p:0.001) rate was significantly higher in epilepsy patients.Conclusion: The disease should be followed with a multidisciplinary approach. Although not included in the diagnostic criteria, it should be kept in mind that epilepsy, intellectual disability and neuropsychiatric disorders frequently accompany.