Abstract
An assessment of the tritium (T) inventory in plasma facing components (PFC) during JET T and deuterium-tritium (DT) operations is presented based on the most comprehensive ex situ fuel retention data set on JET PFCs from the 2015-2016 ILW3 operating period is presented. The global fuel retention is 4.19 × 1023 D atoms, 0.19% of injected fuel. The inner divertor remains the region of highest fuel retention (46.5%). The T inventory in PFCs at the end of JET operations is calculated as 7.48 × 1022 atoms and is informative for accountancy, clean-up efficacy and waste liability assessments. The T accumulation rate at the upper inner divertor during JET DT operations has been used to assess the requirements and frequency of operation of a new laser induced desorption diagnostic to be installed on JET for the final DT experiments in 2023.
Highlights
JET started its most recent and final tritium operating phase in 2021, with 100% tritium and tritium-protium (‘hydrogen’) plasmas and will move to deuterium-tritium (DT) operations from mid-2021
Ex-situ analysis of components removed from JET for the 2015–2016 ILW3 operating period are presented and the global retention as a percentage of the injected fuel determined as 0.19% ± 0.08%
The retention in the divertor corners as a fraction of divertor retention has reduced by a factor >2 for ILW3 compared with ILW1
Summary
JET started its most recent and final tritium operating phase in 2021, with 100% tritium and tritium-protium (‘hydrogen’) plasmas and will move to deuterium-tritium (DT) operations from mid-2021. The DT operations will comprise two experimental campaigns, DTE2 in 2021 and DTE3 in 2023. Details of the experimental objectives of DT operations can be found in [1]. These are the first DT experiments since the DT experiments in 1997 (DTE1) [2]. Between DTE1 and DTE2 JET has operated with deuterium and protium. The operation in tritium will result in tritium being retained in-vessel, in particular in plasma facing components. This has implications for the accountancy of tritium, safety case considerations and the final waste liability of nuclear materials arising from JET
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