Evaluation of Trihalomethanes Formation Potential and Healthy Risks in Alexandria Governorate, Egypt

Abstract

The study aimed to assess the drinking water quality which produced from water treatment plants (WTPs) in Alexandria governorate by the determination of DBPs (THMs) in the outlet and its distribution system (DS) and estimate the risk assessment of the drinking water uptakes. The collected samples were analyzed in the Central Laboratory of Alexandria Water Company. THMs concentration ranged from ND to 152 µg/L in the outlet and from ND to 138 µg/L in the DS. The maximum value observed in Zohour WTP outlet and Mamoura DS were above the Egyptian permissible limit (0.1 mg/L). The non-cancer hazard quotient for Chloroform ranged from 0 to 59.6x10-3 in the outlet and from 0 to 48.8x10-3 in the DS and the maximum value observed in Zohour WTPs outlet and Mamoura DS. The cancer risk for bromodichloromethane ranged from 0 to 67.8x10-6 in the outlet and maximum value observed in K40, Mamoura, and Noubaria WTPs outlets, while the cancer risk of the DS ranged from 0 to 71.1x10-6 and the maximum value observed in K40. The cancer risk for dibromochloromethane ranged from 0 to 73.9x10-6 and the maximum value observed in Zohour WTP outlet, while the cancer risk for the DS ranged from 0 to 65x10-6 and the maximum value observed in Maamoura outlet. The cancer risk of bromoform ranged from 0 to 8.4x10-6 and the maximum value observed in Noubaria WTPs outlet, while the cancer risk of the DS ranged from 0 to 8.4x10-6and the maximum value observed in Noubaria WTPs DS.