Abstract
Cheese whey effluent contains biodegradable organic compounds in the range of 40 to 80 g·L–1. In this study, a three–stage rotating biological contactor was fabricated as a bench scale experimental unit to remove organic matters from cheese whey. First, the treatability of cheese whey effluent in the three–stage rotating biological contactor (RBC) was evaluated. Then the effect of extended specific surface area (SSA) and recirculation rate on COD removal was investigated. The obtained results showed that the organic removal rate increased with an increase in loading rate, till other limiting parameters affect the process. Prior to application of the designated modifications to the system, maximum COD removal efficiency at hrts of 24 and 36 h with OLR of 50 gcod·L–1·d–1 was 90 and 92.4%, respectively. The removal efficiency was improved as a result of increasing the SSA and recirculation rate. Also, recirculation rate may assist to increase the DO level of the wastewater, especially at high olrs. To sum up, obtained results showed that whey effluent has been efficiently treated in a continuous operation of bench scale RBC.
Highlights
IntroductionNAJAFPOURb, Manouchehr NIKZADc bBiotechGnoulnogtaiyDsReHCpeasieierpeatmruNcrehnnoLtileavokbaf.skC,5F1i,v,aViclJuaaEldatnykigmionfTseCreBruhieunamg2r,,tikcIBnaelsavtEiiitbcnusagt6ein,LoeJfeiamrPiaananrgndi,sieNs3aJo,nusMhhFiareavrnearsiindokionaUn7knT,eirnvOuearlurgsi4Iatr,yaMnof uTetechrn8ology, 1, 7Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, FBaacbuoltl,yIroafnScience and Technology, University of Tartu, 1, 2, 4Institute ocfFaEccuoltlyogoyf caivnidl EEnagritnh2e3eSrcRinieigin,acNesost,rs.h,Fir5av1cau0nl1ti0yUTonfaivrSetucrsi,ietEnycsoetfoanTnieadchTneoclohgnyo,lBoagby,olU, Inriavnersity of Tartu, Sub4m6 iVttaende1m0uMiseayst2r0.,151; 0ac1c4epTtaerdtu2,5EJustlo
Five essential factors including hydraulic retention time (HRT), organic loading rate (OLR), recirculation, dissolved oxygen (DO) level and SSA were evaluated to investigate the impact of Rotating biological contactors (RBC) operation on overall system performance
The RBC reactor was inoculated with 10 L of sludge with MLSS value of 4000 mg
Summary
NAJAFPOURb, Manouchehr NIKZADc bBiotechGnoulnogtaiyDsReHCpeasieierpeatmruNcrehnnoLtileavokbaf.skC,5F1i,v,aViclJuaaEldatnykigmionfTseCreBruhieunamg2r,,tikcIBnaelsavtEiiitbcnusagt6ein,LoeJfeiamrPiaananrgndi,sieNs3aJo,nusMhhFiareavrnearsiindokionaUn7knT,eirnvOuearlurgsi4Iatr,yaMnof uTetechrn8ology, 1, 7Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, FBaacbuoltl,yIroafnScience and Technology, University of Tartu, 1, 2, 4Institute ocfFaEccuoltlyogoyf caivnidl EEnagritnh2e3eSrcRinieigin,acNesost,rs.h,Fir5av1cau0nl1ti0yUTonfaivrSetucrsi,ietEnycsoetfoanTnieadchTneoclohgnyo,lBoagby,olU, Inriavnersity of Tartu, Sub4m6 iVttaende1m0uMiseayst2r0.,151; 0ac1c4epTtaerdtu2,5EJustlo. The effect of extendLeVd -s1p0ec7i6ficRsuigrafa,ceLaartevaia(SSA) and recirculation rate on COD removal was investigated. E2o0r1g2an; iaccrceempotveadl r1a4te Ainucrge.as2e0d1w2ith an increase in loading rate, till other limiting parameters affect the process. The combination of bioaugmentation-biostimulation approach coupled with rye cultivation had the most profound effect on TNT degradation. Plants enhanced the total microbial community abundance, blue fenugreek cultivation did not significantly affect the TNT degradation rate. Whey as raw material is ermencetonqvtuRBuMeoarsaefiaylfrnientwtg(rkyaRea,egbnvseecictiomaoceerssswedt,ttnio,aomVtten.etu2;nhr1lJeeaiu(tsrtt3hrgia)opeay:lnaan.1tp,es25mfeop0f3rinhe1Ácy,ns1i3hteJt6)o.no.;2truce.TeMylcmhhdhuteaetntbndpesoeid:rua/,l/motsdOnitgoxaau.yn.idtd2nre0iaoiase1niba.n3deosl.etsrbfsgMrodei/eo1lneimla0covtru.iweo3oaglv8slbom:a4iptal6oNe-/l/n1oct6oalv4tmia8ok6muurn8,issu,c9eeHunJ7ddoil..tt;2uyifu0rnTorn1creha2up,l.apua7norp,c2ofgkh1JedE.7aa;su8grnLi4micvnnitirmiagToocanNniynmnTeodea,fnusnBptsldaai.tk;lrceyfETtod.arnotuAgseduoilns,ialeoinMenb,dridii.ont;uprgCescomtaaelrynnpeydludabricaLaentstaaiieunotnkedsnusse,wcttdarrGhiipait.ineil;cohangais-l improve process efficiency and the long term treatment supplements and food additives.
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