Evaluation of Transmitted X-ray Spectrum, Lead Equivalent, and Uniformity of Radiation Protective Clothing Made of Lead-containing and Lead-free Materials

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective performance of several new radiation-protective clothing and to clarify issues of quality control. The composition of the shielding elements was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence analysis, and the energy spectrum of transmitted X-rays was measured. Furthermore, the lead equivalent and uniformity were measured from the transmitted X-ray doses according to Japanese industrial standards (JIS). Uniformity was evaluated by transmitting X-ray images of each radiation protective clothing in addition to the conventional method. The energy spectrum showed K-absorption edges of lead, bismuth, tin, etc., which were detected in the composition analysis. The multi-layered protective material maintained higher shielding ability at high tube voltages. In addition, X-ray images of the radiation-protective clothing showed uneven density and dots, and the differences in uniformity measurement methods and points that didn't meet the required shielding capacity were seen. The current JIS does not allow accurate evaluation of the lead equivalent and uniformity, so visual evaluation of X-ray images is important. It is necessary to establish standardized standards for quality control performed by each facility.