Abstract
The study of the antenna Quality factor (Q) has been an active topic of research for a long time. Its importance is directly related to its connection to the antenna frequency bandwidth. Many authors have discussed the problem of formulating the Q of an antenna. Chu, Mclean, Wheeler, Gustafsson, Thal, Yaghjian, Harrington and Vandenbosch were among many whom studied the Q bounds of electrically small antenna (ESA) and Q in general. Several studies were taken from Chu sphere, employing scattering theory and applying quasi-static energy approximations to name few; however, these approaches require specific assumptions on polarization and absorption efficiency, and provide little insight into the type of excitation needed to realize an optimal Q.
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