Evaluation of tolerance to osmotic stress of winter bread wheat genotypes using indirect physiological method

R Chipilski,G Desheva,B Kyosev

doi:10.9755/ejfa.v26i9.18443

R Chipilski, G Desheva + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v26i9.18443

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Abstract

Fifteen winter bread wheat cultivars from Romania and Serbia were evaluated with regard to their tolerance to osmotic stress. Evaluation was made by applying the indirect physiological method, recognizing the growth depression seedling, cultivated in solution with increased osmotic pressure (Atm). Water deficit in most of the genotypes suppresses to a great extent the growth of roots compared to that of the shoot. The average coefficient of root growth depression was 55.77% during the moderate osmotic stress trial and 55.83 % during the strong osmotic stress trial, while with shoots the percentage was 35.76 % and 50.12 %, respectively. The average root length / shoot length ratio (R/Sh ratio) for all genotypes in the control was 1.70; in the 0.5 M and 1 M sample solution sucrose it was 1.14 and 1.55, respectively. In genotypes most tolerant to osmotic stress as Renesansa, Dragana, Izvor and Faur the root/ shoot length ratio is decreased in the highest degree. It was established there is negative regression dependence between the growth of the root/shoot and the solution with increase of osmotic pressure. The equations showed the strong limitation role of osmotic pressure for the growth of the seedling. The results of this study showed that the varieties Renesansa, Dragana, Izvor and Faur had the best ability of osmotic regulation.

Highlights

The main objective of any wheat breeding program is to create varieties with high yield potential, possessing a complex of biological and agricultural quality, resistant to biotic and abiotic stress factors and suitable for low input (Rachovska et al, 2003; Dimova et al, 2006; Ivanova and Tzenov, 2009b; Tzenov et al, 2009; Bozhanova et al, 2009a)
The method of measuring the coleoptiles to water dеficit developed by Morgan (1988) is based on the fact, that the genotypes with the better potential for osmoregulation are able to maintain better turgor and associated physiological processes, such as maintaining a more intensive cells increase in water deficit
M solution of sucrose and 1 M solution of sucrose and applied after germination, inhibits the growth of the seedling in all genotypes included in the experiment

Summary

Introduction

The main objective of any wheat breeding program is to create varieties with high yield potential, possessing a complex of biological and agricultural quality, resistant to biotic and abiotic stress factors and suitable for low input (Rachovska et al, 2003; Dimova et al, 2006; Ivanova and Tzenov, 2009b; Tzenov et al, 2009; Bozhanova et al, 2009a). Genotypic differences in the terms of osmoregulation ability have been reported in various crops. Significant variation in this trait was observed in wheat (Morgan 1983; Blum et al, 1999), sunflower (Jamaux et al, 1997), shorgum (Ackerson et al., 1980), millet (Henson et al, 1982), rice (Lilley et al, 1996; Babu et al, 1998), barley (Blum 1989) and wild species from Gramineacea (Bozhanova et al, 2006; Uhr et al, 2007)

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