Evaluation of TMPA 3B43 and NCEP-CFSR precipitation products in drought monitoring over Singapore

Abstract

ABSTRACTSatellite and reanalysis precipitation products can be potentially used for monitoring and analysing drought patterns in tropical regions. In this study, Tropical Measuring Mission Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis monthly product (3B43) and the product from National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (NCEP-CFSR) are analysed for precipitation estimation and drought assessment over Singapore. The evaluation is conducted by comparing the field observations from 22 precipitation gauges from 1998 to 2014. The Standardized Precipitation Index recommended by the World Meteorological Organization was used for the drought assessment. Results show that 3B43 performed better in monthly, seasonal, and annual precipitation estimations compared to NCEP-CFSR. Both products show an underestimation of monthly and annual precipitation. Similarly, 3B43 also outperformed NCEP-CFSR in drought monitoring over Singapore. The 3B43 product successfully detected major droughts that occurred in 2005, 2009, and 2014. Nevertheless, 3B43 reported a higher drought intensity compared to gauge measurements in recent drought events. Application of the NCEP-CFSR in drought monitoring is not recommended due to the low correlations with gauge measurements. In addition, NCEP-CFSR is unable to detect the major drought events correctly, except for the 2009 drought. This study serves as a reference for satellite algorithm and drought index designers to develop better products in the future.