Evaluation of tibial rotational axis in total knee arthroplasty using magnetic resonance imaging

Ji-Hoon Nam,Paul Shinil Kim,Gihun Kim,Yoon Hae Kwak,Kyoung-Tak Kang,Yong-Gon Koh

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-70851-z

Ji-Hoon Nam, Paul Shinil Kim + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70851-z

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Abstract

Surgeon-dependent factors such as optimal implant alignment of the tibial component are thought to play a significant role in the outcome following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In addition, tibial component malrotation is associated with pain, stiffness, and altered patellofemoral kinematics in TKA. However, measuring tibial component rotation after TKA is difficult. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to find a reliable method for positioning the tibial component in TKA. To investigate the morphology of the tibial plateau, 977 patients' knees (829 females and 148 males) were evaluated using MRI. The relationships between the femoral transepicondylar axis (TEA), Akagi line, posterior tibial margin (PTM), medial third of the tibial tubercle (MTT), and anatomical tibial axis (ATS) were investigated in this study. In addition, gender difference in tibial rotational alignment were evaluated. Relative to the TEA, the MTT and ATS were externally rotated by 0.5° ± 4.4° and 0.5° ± 5.4°, respectively, while Akagi line and PTM were internally rotated by 3.7° ± 4.5° and 9.9° ± 6.1°, respectively. Gender differences were found in MTT, Akagi line and ATS (P < 0.05). Our result showed that the rotational alignment led to notable variance between femoral and tibial components using fixed bone landmarks. The MTT and ATS axes showed the closest perpendicular aspect with projected TEA. And the MTT and Akagi axes showed the reduced variance. In addition, PTM is not a reliable landmark for rotation of the tibial component. Based on the results of this study, surgeons may choose the proper anteroposterior axis of the tibial component in order to reduce rotational mismatch and improve clinical outcomes.

Highlights

Surgeon-dependent factors such as optimal implant alignment of the tibial component are thought to play a significant role in the outcome following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA)
When compared to transepicondylar axis (TEA), the medial third of the tibial tubercle (MTT) and ATS methods were externally rotated by 0.5° ± 4.4° and 0.5° ± 5.4°, respectively, whereas the Akagi line and posterior tibial margin (PTM) were internally rotated by 3.7° ± 4.5° and 9.9° ± 6.1°, respectively
Compared to the TEA, MTT showed the lowest average values and percentage of outliers followed by ATS, Akagi, and PTM

Summary

Introduction

Surgeon-dependent factors such as optimal implant alignment of the tibial component are thought to play a significant role in the outcome following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The relationships between the femoral transepicondylar axis (TEA), Akagi line, posterior tibial margin (PTM), medial third of the tibial tubercle (MTT), and anatomical tibial axis (ATS) were investigated in this study. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is known as a cost-effective treatment which restore knee mobility important for quality of life[1] This procedure can cause chronic pain and failure that may lead to revision surgery in some p atients[1]. The TEA is mainly used in total knee surgery as the rotational reference when align the femoral component. Varus knees with osteoarthritis (OA) always provide constrained flexion-extention mobility, and insufficient extension are observed in raw computed tomography (CT) d ata[16,17] This could affect the alignment while surgery in femoral and tibial p reparation[18]

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