Abstract
A great revival of scientific interests in drug discovery has been witnessed in recent years from medicinal plants for health maintenance. The aim of this work was to investigate three Nigerian medicinal plants collected in Nigeria for their in vitro antiplasmodial and antimicrobial activities. Extracts obtained from parts of Persea americana, Jatropha podagrica and Picralima nitida and their fractions were evaluated for in vitro antiprotozoal and antimicrobial activity. The methanol extract of P. nitida demonstrated activity against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum clones with IC50 values of 6.3 and 6.0 µg/mL, respectively. Methanol and chloroform extracts of P. americana seed showed antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans IC50 less than 8 and 8.211 µg/mL respectively. Finally, the petroleum ether extract of P. americana had activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with an IC50 value of 8.7 µg/mL. The study revealed the antibacterial and antiplasmodial activities of the plants extracts at the tested concentrations.
Highlights
Parasitic diseases such as malaria have a high mortality rate having a significant impact in developing countries and affecting several hundred millions of people worldwide
The powdered (100 g) material of each sample was extracted with 500 ml methanol for 48 hr ( 3 X ) by cold maceration, filtered and the filtrate evaporated to dryness to obtained crude extract of P. nitida (PNS), J. podagrica fruit (JPF), P. americana root (PAR), P. americana seed (PAS ) and chloroform fraction of P. americana seed (PASC)
The antibacterial and antifungal activities of P. americana and Jatropha podagrica against a panel of organisms are shown in Tables 2 and 3
Summary
Parasitic diseases such as malaria have a high mortality rate having a significant impact in developing countries and affecting several hundred millions of people worldwide. Malaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world and is a major global health problem affecting over one hundred countries with disease prevalence escalating at an alarming rate, in the last two decades. A devastating infectious disease caused by highly adaptable protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium, has impacted on humans for more than 4000 years, causing illness and an estimated 1.5–2.5 million deaths each year. The aim of this work was to investigate three Nigerian medicinal plants collected in Nigeria for their in vitro antiplasmodial and antimicrobial activities. Result: The methanol extract of P. nitida demonstrated activity against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum clones with IC50 values of 6.3 and 6.0 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The study revealed the antibacterial and antiplasmodial activities of the plants extracts at the tested concentrations
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