Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD), represent a diagnostic challenge. CKD is an asymptomatic disease, tests for screening and early diagnoses are critical in nephrology. Objectives: To assess the potential role of a three glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculation equations in discriminating between stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Sudanese patients. Methods: The study was carried out at Khartoum State, Sudan from July 2017 to August 2017. Three hundred and seventy-five (375) CKD patients aged 18–90, their GFR have been estimated by three equations as follows: combined creatinine (cr) and cystatin C (cysC) equation (GFRcr-cysC), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation (GFRcr) and CystatinC-based equation (GFRcysC). The discriminating ability between stages was tested by ROC analysis. Results: The area under the receiver operating (AUC) curve values of the discriminated stages was tested by ROC analysis as the follows: between stage 1 and 2 were: GFRcr-cysC; 0.98 (p > 0.001), GFRcr; 0.77 (p 0. 001), GFR cr; 0.82 (p 0. 001), GFRcr; 0.92 (p 0. 001), GFRcr; 0.95 (p < 0.001) and GFRcysC; 0.65 (p < 0. 001). GFRcr-cysC had the highest AUC of all. Conclusion: Taking together, the study demonstrated that GFRcr-cysC equation is a valuable marker for early detection of CKD
Highlights
The diagnosis and staging of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) based on estimates of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) from plasma creatinine and cystatin C concentrations represent a major step in the diagnosis of CKD and in following its course but has significant limitations
Discriminating between stage 2 and stage 3 of CKD: GFR cr–cystatin C (cysC): After receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, we revealed the optimal cut-off value which is the nearest point to the upper left corner that satisfies maximum sensitivity and maximum specificity
Recent reports have stressed the need for new kidney markers that can enhance the accuracy of CKD detection for that, in the current study we evaluated three methods used in diagnosing the CKD
Summary
The diagnosis and staging of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) based on estimates of GFR from plasma creatinine (cr) and cystatin C (cysC) concentrations represent a major step in the diagnosis of CKD and in following its course but has significant limitations. Objectives: To assess the potential role of a three glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculation equations in discriminating between stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Sudanese patients. Three hundred and seventy-five (375) CKD patients aged 18–90, their GFR have been estimated by three equations as follows: combined creatinine (cr) and cystatin C (cysC) equation (GFRcr-cysC), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation (GFRcr) and CystatinC-based equation (GFRcysC). Conclusion: Taking together, the study demonstrated that GFRcr-cysC equation is a valuable marker for early detection of CKD
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