Abstract
Mass fraction of brine, ice crystals and salts are important parameters for freezing solutions. This article presents the calculated content of ice, brine, and solid salts in sea water with a salinity of 25‰. The dependences of the brine and ice contents on the temperature of the freezing solution are described. A method for calculating the effective heat capacity and melting point of ice of various salinity is presented, which includes the use of the FREEZBRINE software based on the Pitzer model. It is shown numerically that upon freezing a solution close in chemical composition to sea water, most of the crystallized salts will be hydrogalite. The thermal effect is calculated from heating brine, ice crystals and solid salts, as well as from the phase transition of water to ice and crystallization of solid salts, when the temperature of the freezing solution changes. It was revealed that the greatest amount of heat is required for heating hydrogalite salts. The thermal effect of crystallization of salts during freezing of sea water was calculated. It has been established that only crystallization of hydrogalite has a significant effect on the heat needed to change the temperature of the freezing solution. It has been established that only crystallization of hydrogalite has a significant effect on the heat required to change the temperature of the freezing solution. Comparisons of temperatures of the onset of freezing of sea water with a salinity of 25‰ and the crystallization of salts according to the simulation results and published data are presented. A comparison is made of the heat of fusion and the effective heat capacity of sea ice with a salinity of 25‰ according to the simulation results and published analytical formulas based on the chlorine and salinity of sea ice. So the relative error for the effective heat capacity did not exceed 10%. The relative error for the effective heat capacity did not exceed 10%, for the heat of fusion did not exceed 8%.
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