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Abstract
BackgroundThe subbasin hydrologic behaviors have been altered by many natural and anthropologic factors such as climate change and land development activities. Model-based assessment can be used to simulate both natural hydrological processes, human-induced effects, and management strategies on water resources. For the Ketar subbasin, the WEAP (water evaluation and planning) hydrologic model was developed that aimed at (1) evaluating the application of the WEAP model in the Ketar subbasin, (2) evaluating the demonstration of the WEAP model using model efficiency evaluation criteria, and (3) simulating hydrological processes of the subbasin using the WEAP model.MethodsWEAP-based soil moisture method (rainfall-runoff) hydrology routine is comprised of a lumped, one-dimensional, two-layer soil water accounting that uses empirical functions to designate evapotranspiration, surface runoff, interflow, and deep percolation for a sub-unit at root zone. A catchment is considered as the smallest hydrologic response unit. The catchment’s surface hydrological balance is typically estimated by discretizing the catchment into multiple land uses for which water balance is estimated at root zone.ResultsThe monthly measured and simulated streamflow statistics showed a positive strong relationship with R2 of 0.82, NSE of 0.80, and IA of 0.95; and with R2 of 0.91, NSE of 0.91, and IA of 0.98 for calibration and validation periods respectively. Similarly, the mean monthly measured and simulated streamflow showed an agreement with R2 of 0.99, NSE of 0.97, and IA of 0.99, and R2 of 0.94, NSE of 0.93, and IA of 0.93 for the periods of calibration and validation respectively.ConclusionThe model has demonstrated the capability to represent the hydrologic dynamics of the subbasin both at monthly and mean monthly periods. In general, the overall model performance evaluation statistics show a very good agreement between measured and simulated streamflow at the outlet of the subbasin.
Highlights
The subbasin hydrologic behaviors have been altered by many natural and anthropologic factors such as climate change and land development activities
The monthly hydrographs of measured and simulated streamflow statistics presented in Table 4 showed a stronger agreement with R2 of 0.82, Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE) of 0.80, and index of agreement (IA) of 0.95 for the calibration period
This study indicated that the ET loss was estimated to 799 mm/ year
Summary
The subbasin hydrologic behaviors have been altered by many natural and anthropologic factors such as climate change and land development activities. A proper understanding of subbasin hydrological processes is essential to estimate changes in the dynamic response of a hydrologic system in spatio-temporal dimensions. Hydrologic models play a very crucial role in properly characterizing subbasin properties by predicting target parameters based on input data. They provide a chance to estimate some variables that are difficult to measure in the field because of their inherent nature (may vary in spatio-temporal scale) (Wheater et al 2010). Well-developed, calibrated, and validated models can be used for different applications such as impact evaluation of change in some of the input variables (e.g., land-use change, climate change, development activities are a few among others), and suitable for setting scenarios and analysis
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