Evaluation of the use of transplanted Nassarius reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758), in monitoring TBT pollution, within the European Water Framework Directive

Abstract

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires monitoring programmes, to establish a coherent and comprehensive overview of ecological and chemical water status. Recently and within this context, the use of biomarkers has been proposed for incorporation into WFD monitoring programmes. In the present study, cages have been used to transplant (ranging between 14 and 75 days) adults of the dogwhelk Nassarius reticulatus in relation to a gradient of tributyltin (TBT) pollution; this is in order to evaluate its usefulness within the WFD monitoring programmes. Only the most polluted site (close to a shipyard) shows evidence of TBT contamination effects. As such, it may be concluded that the use of caged transplants with N. reticulatus (adults) is useful only for areas of high TBT pollution. Thus, within the European WFD context, this approach is generally not useful for surveillance and operational monitoring, but has some potential in investigative monitoring.