Evaluation of the Undergraduate Learning Environment at Dental Schools in Syria

Abstract

The learning environment plays a vital role in dental education. A positive learning environment could improve students' satisfaction, psychosocial well-being, and academic achievement. This study set out to measure the quality of the learning environment according to the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) at different dental schools in Syria. The study included dental schools at Damascus University (DU), Tishreen University (TU), and University of Hama (HU). DU and TU are considered 2 of the largest universities in Syria. Students across all years of study were invited to complete an Arabic version of the DREEM questionnaire. In total, 1205 students completed the questionnaire: 650 were from DU, 309 from HU, and 243 from TU. Cronbach's alpha value of the DREEM instrument was 0.927. The total DREEM score for all universities was 108.8 ± 31.5 (n=1205), which is 54.4% of the total score; DU scored the lowest on the DREEM scale (105.9 ± 28.5) followed by TU (111.1 ± 34.3) and HU (113.3 ± 34.4). There was a significant difference amongst the 3 universities (P=.001) with a small effect size (eta-squared=0.01). At the subscale level, students' perception of learning (SPL) at DU and TU was perceived unfavourably, and the social self-perception of students (SSP) was negatively perceived across all universities. Clinical students scored significantly lower than their preclinical counterparts. No significant difference emerged between male and female students. This study provides a baseline data on the learning environment at dental schools in Syria. Although the study suggests a more positive than negative perception of the learning environment, Syrian dental schools scored considerably lower than their Arab and international counterparts. Aspects related to SPL and SSP were the most serious areas requiring improvement, and future research should focus on designing proper interventions to address them.