Abstract
Burn injury is a growing medical problem associated with public health, and few effective agents are available for treatment of this disease. In the present study, a burn injury rat model was developed and the accelerated effect of Aloe vera fermentation on burn injury healing was evaluated. Our results indicated that Aloe vera fermentation could markedly reduce the DPPH (56.12%), O2·− (93.5%), ·OH (76.12%), Fe2+ chelation (82%), and oxygen-reduction activity (0.28 μg/ml) and significantly inhibited the growth of pathogens S. typhimurium ATCC 13311 (inhibition zone diameter: 14 mm), S. enteritidis ATCC13076 (IZD: 13 mm), S. flexneri ATCC 12022 (IZD: 18 mm), E. coli 44102 (IZD: 10 mm), L. monocytogenes ATCC 19111 (IZD: 18 mm), S. dysenteriae 301 (IZD: 20 mm), S. aureus COWAN1 (IZD: 19 mm), and P. acnes ATCC 11827 (IZD: 25 mm) in vitro. The in vivo results indicated that Aloe vera fermentation produced more eosinophils and fibroblasts and less vessel proliferation compared with the model group on the 14th day, which had greatly accelerated burn injury healing via shedding of the scab and promoting hair growth. ELISA results indicated that Aloe vera fermentation had significantly reduced the production of proinflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β (p < 0.05) and greatly enhanced the yield of anti-inflammatory factor IL-4 in animal serum (p < 0.05). In addition, the high-throughput sequencing results indicated that Aloe vera fermentation obviously increased the percentage of Firmicutes (65.86% vs. 49.76%), while reducing the number of Bacteroidetes (27.60% vs. 45.15%) compared with the M group at the phylum level. At the genus level, Aloe vera fermentation increased the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus (3.13% vs. 2.09%) and reduced the pathogens Prevotella (10.60% vs.18.24%) and Blautia (2.91% vs. 16.41%) compared with the M group. Therefore, we concluded that the use of Aloe vera fermentation significantly accelerates burn injury healing via reduction of the severity of inflammation and through modification of gut microbiota.
Highlights
As one of the most common severe injuries in the world, burn injury is defined as damage to the body’s tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, sunlight, or radiation [1]
L. plantarum HM218749 was cultured using de Man– Rogosa–Sharpe (MRS) medium at 37°C for 24 h, L. plantarum HM218749 was added into the Aloe vera extract + 5% glucose to reach the final concentration of 5 × 106 cfu/ml, which was cultured for another 48 h
The results indicated that Aloe vera fermentation had significantly enhanced the clearance rate of ⋅OH compared with Aloe vera (76.12% vs. 68.00%, Figure 1(a), p < 0 05), while no marked difference was observed among their capabilities with regard to the clearance rate of DPPH
Summary
As one of the most common severe injuries in the world, burn injury is defined as damage to the body’s tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, sunlight, or radiation [1]. Burn injury is still challenging for clinical treatment and severe burn injury has caused a high postburn morbidity. Aloe vera originates from the Arabian Peninsula and has been planted around the world for agricultural and medicinal uses, including beverages, skin lotion, cosmetics, or ointments for minor burns and sunburns [9, 10]. Previous researches indicated that Aloe vera could promote wound healing in various animal models, its sound antimicrobial, Mediators of Inflammation antioxidative, and anti-inflammation effects contributed to local treatment of wounds, minor burns, and skin irritation [10,11,12]. We constructed a burn injury model and evaluated the accelerated effects of Aloe vera fermentation on burn injury healing
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