Evaluation of the toxicity of fluorine in Antarctic krill on soft tissues of Wistar rats

Abstract

Antarctic krill are a potential food source for humans and animals, but krill are known to contain high levels of fluorine(F). In this study, we investigated the toxicity of F in Antarctic krill using Wistar rats. There were three experimental groups: Thecontrol group were fed a basal diet, the krill treatment group were fed the same basal diet mixed with krill powder (150 mg·kg -1 F),and the sodium fluoride (NaF) treatment group were fed the basal diet with added NaF (150 mg·kg -1 F). General toxicity indicators including body weight and food intake were measured during the experiment. After three months the rats were dissected and tissue samples were collected from the liver, kidney, spleen, brain, and testis. Morphological changes in the cells of these tissues were assessed using HE staining. There were no significant differences in the body weight, the food intake, or the viscera coefficients among the three groups. In both treatment groups some pathological changes were observed in all soft tissue samples except thetestis, although there were fewer and less severe pathological changes in the krill treatment group than in the NaF treatment group.The results showed that the toxicity of F in Antarctic krill was lower than for an equivalent amount of F in NaF, but it was stilltoxic to rats consuming large quantities of krill. The findings of this study highlight the need for further investigation into potential F toxicity if krill is to be used for human consumption.