Abstract
Tetrachlorantraniliprole (TCAP) is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide that specifically targets the ryanodine receptors of lepidopteran insect species with excellent insecticidal activity. Previous studies have reported the sublethal effects of multiple diamides on several lepidopteran species, whereas the sublethal and non-target effects of TCAP remain largely unknown. We assessed the sublethal effects of TCAP on Spodoptera exigua. We also investigated the effects of TCAP on non-target Harmonia axyridis and Eisenia fetida, S. exigua was more sensitive to TCAP than to chlorantraniliprole, as the LC50 (10.371 μg L-1 at 72 h) of TCAP was relatively lower. Compared with those of the control, sublethal concentrations of TCAP (LC10 and LC30) not only prolonged the duration of the larval and pupal stages as well as the mean generation time but also reduced certain population parameters. On the other hand, TCAP exposure, even at the highest concentration, did not induce toxic effects in H. axyridis ladybugs (1st instar larvae and adults) or E. fetida earthworms. Taken together, our results suggest that TCAP can be used as a novel and promising component of the integrated pest management (IPM) program against S. exigua due to its robust target effects and negligible non-target risks.
Highlights
Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a notorious insect pest that causes devastating damage to various vegetables and field crops, such as tomatoes, cowpeas, corn, eggplant, peppers, watermelon, and soybeans [1]
Compared with 3rd instar larvae, 1st instar larvae were more sensitive to TCAP toxicity
The results showed that the toxicity of TCAP at 1000 mg kg-1 to E. fetida after 7 days and 14 days was significantly lower than that of lambda-cyhalothrin, and there was no significant difference compared with the control levels
Summary
Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a notorious insect pest that causes devastating damage to various vegetables and field crops, such as tomatoes, cowpeas, corn, eggplant, peppers, watermelon, and soybeans [1]. Insecticides have been the conventional methods used for the control of this species; in addition to its evolved resistance to traditional insecticides (organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids) [2], emerging resistance of S. exigua to multiple novel pesticides (e.g., spinosad, abamectin, indoxacarb, and tebufenozide) is documented [3], resulting in failed control efforts. The overuse and indiscriminate application of these insecticides chemicals may pose a severe threat to a variety of beneficial organisms, including natural enemies, parasites, soil. The sublethal effect of tetrachlorantraniliprole on Spodoptera exigua and toxicity to non-target organisms funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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