Abstract
This study added different ratios of niobium carbide (NbC) and tantalum carbide (TaC) powders to PM 23 high speed steel (PM 23) powders. The composite powders (PM 23−NbC–TaC) utilized vacuum sintering at 1250, 1270, 1290, and 1310 °C for 1 h, respectively, and the experimental results show that good mechanical properties were obtained by the addition of 6.3 mass% NbC-2.7 mass% TaC (N6.3T2.7) sintered at 1290 °C for 1 h. Meanwhile, the apparent porosity was decreased to 0.23%, and the transverse rupture strength (TRS) and hardness reached 1648.1 MPa and 79.4 HRA, respectively. When optimally sintered PM 23 composites (N6.3T2.7) underwent a series of heat treatments, the TRS and hardness values were obviously enhanced to 1703.3 MPa and 83.5 HRA after quenching, sub-zero, and tempering treatments. Notably, the sub-zero and heat treatments obviously reduced the retained austenite content (0.6 vol%), which effectively enhanced hardness and strength. Consequently, sub-zero plus heat treatment are effective in improving the microstructure and strengthening the sintered PM 23 composites.
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