Abstract
Oases support human activities in arid and semiarid regions, and their stability is important for regional sustainable development and water resource management. Water consumption is the major factor affecting the stability of oases. On the basis of remote sensing images, evaporation and socioeconomic data, this study first evaluates the stability of the Dunhuang Oasis against the expansion of an oasis irrigation district and planting structure changes from 1987 to 2015. Next, it calculates a suitable area of the oasis irrigation district using water–energy balance theory. The results are as follows: (1) During the 1987–2015 period, with the expansion in the oasis irrigation area, the planting structure underwent a marked transformation from food crops to cash crops to orchards. Water consumption pattern likewise changed considerably. (2) The stability of the Dunhuang Oasis continued to weaken from 0.54 in 1987 until it reached a dangerously unstable level of 0.17 in 2010. With the implementation of water-saving measures and a water-transfer project, the stability of the Dunhuang Oasis irrigation district increased to a metastable level of 0.22 in 2015. (3) Setting the stability are 0.5 of a stable level and 0.75 of an extremely stable level, and the oasis irrigation district should be impractical and reduced by 168 and 241 km2 to attain a suitable oasis ecosystem scale. Hence, at present, the water-transfer project is the most practical way to increase allocated water resource to the oasis irrigation district for improving its stability.
Highlights
IntroductionFor watersheds in this arid region, water from melted snow and glacier in the mountain flows through an oasis similar to a water tower, thereby providing fresh water to people and nature before disappearing into the desert
The mountain–oasis–desert unit is the main topographic feature of inland river watersheds inChina [1]
The objective of this study is to propose a novel research idea to evaluate the stability of the oasis and calculate the suitable oasis scale by combining water–energy balance with altered planting structures
Summary
For watersheds in this arid region, water from melted snow and glacier in the mountain flows through an oasis similar to a water tower, thereby providing fresh water to people and nature before disappearing into the desert. The expansion of the irrigation district, population growth, and economic development in the middle-stream oasis of the inland river basin has considerably modified hydrological cycles and reduced surface runoffs to downstream reaches. This situation has led to dried-up rivers, reduced outflows to terminal lakes, and the deterioration of the ecosystem in
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