Evaluation of the source material for the creation of new apple cultivars

Abstract

The article presents the results of the study of the gene pool collection of the Crimean Experimental Horticulture Station - branch of the FSFIS “NBG-NSC”. Genotypes with economically valuable and breeding traits in the conditions of the foothill Crimea were identified. New sources of valuable qualities are proposed for inclusion in the breeding process for the given traits: low growth and compactness of the crown - 7 cultivars and 2 breeding forms; late flowering - 5 cultivars and 1 breeding form; long flowering period - 6 cultivars, 1 breeding form; early summer and late winter maturation periods - 8 cultivars; high and stable pollen viability - 6 cultivars and forms; self-fertility - 6 cultivars, including 3 breeding forms; frost resistance of generative buds - 8 samples; complex resistance to scab and powdery mildew - 10 cultivars and 2 breeding forms; drought resistance and heat resistance - 5 cultivars and 5 breeding forms. 12 cultivars and 5 breeding forms were identified with a trait of early entry into fruiting, 11 cultivars of various geographical origin and 5 breeding forms were distinguished by high and stable yield; 17 cultivars and 7 forms have high commercial and consumer qualities; 15 cultivars, including 5 breeding forms, were identified with a valuable chemical composition of fruits. As a result of the study of the storage life of the fruits, 7 cultivars and 7 breeding forms with a long storage period in a conventional gas environment were identified. For the food industry, 3 cultivars and 3 breeding forms are recommended as a source of valuable raw materials in the production of dried fruit products and natural apple puree without preservatives. On the basis of the work done, 3 breeding forms of apple trees with a complex of economic and consumer qualities are identified, recommended for establishment perennial plantings of an intensive type and passing the State variety testing - 1-8-ю, 2-1-18-79, 3-5-с.