Abstract
Background and Aim:The literature is scant on the effect of 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) on the liver of diabetes-induced mice. This study was designed to develop a rapid, sensitive, accurate, and inexpensive detection technique for evaluating the solubility of KBA obtained from the gum resin of Omani frankincense (Boswellia sacra) in the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) reflectance spectroscopy coupled with principal components analysis (PCA). It also aimed to investigate the effect of KBA on histological changes in the hepatocytes of diabetic mice.Materials and Methods:Eighteen mice were assigned to the healthy control group, the diabetic control group, or the KBA-treated diabetic group. Liver tissue samples from all groups were scanned using an FTIR reflectance spectrophotometer in reflection mode. FTIR reflectance spectra were collected in the wavenumber range of 400-4000 cm−1 using an attenuated total reflectance apparatus.Results:FTIR reflectance spectra were analyzed using PCA. The PCA score plot, which is an exploratory multivariate data set, revealed complete segregation among the three groups’ liver samples based on changes in the variation of wavenumber position in the FTIR reflectance spectra, which indicated a clear effect of KBA solubility on treatments. Histological analysis showed an improvement in the liver tissues, with normal structures of hepatocytes exhibiting mild vacuolation in their cytoplasm.Conclusion:KBA improved the morphology of liver tissues in the diabetic mice and led to complete recovery of the damage observed in the diabetic control group. FTIR reflectance spectroscopy coupled with PCA could be deployed as a rapid, low-cost, and non-destructive detection method for evaluating treatment effects in diseased liver tissue based on the solubility of KBA.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insufficient insulin action [1]
The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) reflectance spectra representing solid liver tissue samples from the three study groups were in reflection mode in the wavenumber range of 4004000 cm−1 (Figure-1)
They demonstrated a prominent increase in the peak intensities in the wavenumber range of 950-1650 cm−1 and in that of 2009-3568 cm−1 as keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) doses increased from Groups 1 to 3, which indicated a clear effect of KBA solubility on treatments
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insufficient insulin action [1]. In 2020, the International Diabetes Federation (www.idf.org) reported that there were 463 million cases of diabetes worldwide, including 55 million in the Middle East and North Africa region and 291,000 in Oman. The number of diabetes cases in the Middle East and North Africa region has been statistically estimated to increase to 108 million by 2045 [2]. The literature is scant on the effect of 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) on the liver of diabetes-induced mice. It aimed to investigate the effect of KBA on histological changes in the hepatocytes of diabetic mice
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