Evaluation of the segmental distribution of pain sensitivity among patients with central sensitization associated with chronic subacromial pain syndrome: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

IntroductionPain sensitivity is the main finding of central sensitization (CS) and can occur in patients with chronic shoulder pain. However, there is limited evidence concerning the distribution of pain sensitivity in shoulders, forearms, and legs in patients with CS associated with chronic shoulder pain. The present study aimed to determine the distribution of pain sensitivity in patients with CS associated with chronic subacromial pain syndrome (SPS). MethodThis cross-sectional study included 58 patients with chronic SPS and CS (patient group) and 58 healthy participants (control group). The presence of CS was determined using the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI). To determine the distribution of pain sensitivity, pressure pain threshold (PPT) measurements were performed from the shoulders, forearms, and legs. ResultsThere was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of sociodemographic data (p > 0.05). The patient group had a significantly higher CSI score (p < 0.001) and lower PPTs in all regions (p < 0.05) than the control group. Unlike the control group, the patient group had lower PPTs on the affected side for the shoulder [mean difference (MD) 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2 (−1.7 to −0.6)], forearm [MD 95% CI: 1.1 (−1.7 to −0.6)], and leg [MD 95% CI: 0.9 (−1.4 to −0.3)] compared with the contralateral side (p < 0.001). ConclusionPain sensitivity is more pronounced in the affected shoulder and the forearm and leg located on this side than in those on the contralateral side in patients with CS associated with chronic SPS.