Abstract
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to analyze the ability of multiple compounds to seal the dental tubules using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-computed tomogra-phy (micro-CT).Material and MethodsTwenty-four single-root human mandibular premolars were selected and instrumented with nickel-titanium rotary file and the final file size was #40/06. They were then randomly allocated into 2 groups, and all samples were filled with single cone gutta-percha (#40/06) and one of the tested sealers (AH Plus and EndoSequence BC sealers). All specimens were scanned using micro-CT and then three from each group were randomly selected for SEM analysis.ResultsAccording to SEM, both root canal sealers showed sufficient adaptation to dentin along the whole length of the root canal, though the coronal sections presented superior sealing than the apical sections. Micro porosity analyses revealed that the volume of closed pores and the surface of closed pores had the largest values in the coronal sections, followed by the middle and the apical sections for both sealants (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed for those two parameters between AH Plus and EndoSequence BC sealers in any of the three sections (p>0.05), whereas they were larger in the apical section when the AH Plus sealer was used.ConclusionsBy using the single cone technique, neither EndoSequence or AH Plus pro-vides a porosity-free root canal filling. The EndoSequence BC sealer may have similar sealing abilities regarding the whole root canal as the AH Plus sealer. A better sealing effect could be obtained in the coronal and middle sections of a root canal than the apical part by using the tested sealers.
Highlights
The long-term success of endodontic therapies relies on complete filling after root canal obturation12
The oral bacteria could contaminate the entire length of root canal within 30 days of obturation16, while endotoxins from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans could be observed in obturated root canals within 20 days26
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of root canals obturated with tested root canal sealers revealed that their adaptation to dentin was sufficient along the length of the root canal
Summary
The long-term success of endodontic therapies relies on complete filling after root canal obturation. The oral bacteria could contaminate the entire length of root canal within 30 days of obturation, while endotoxins from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans could be observed in obturated root canals within 20 days. Due to the complexity of root canal systems, pulp tissue and inorganic debris remain in areas instruments and irrigation solutions cannot access after root canal treatments. Microorganisms surviving in the root canal will subsequently grow and spread to the periradicular areas between the sealer and dentin. Permanent coronal restorations provide seals as important as the apical seal after the root canals are filled. When insufficient coronal sealing occurs or the root canal remains open (e.g., when sealing is delayed for permanent fillings, broken fillings, or secondary caries formation; etc), oral bacteria will access the apical foramen
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