Evaluation of the reliability of age estimation using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)

Abstract

Introduction:Age estimation of individuals is one of the most important sub disciplines of forensic sciences and is of supreme importance in medicolegal issues. Aim: To estimate the age of individuals using three methods: Third molar calcification, height of the mandibular condyle and the length of the mandibular body and to compare the estimated age with the chronological age of the individual and also to identify the most reliable method for age estimation. Materials and methods:The CBCT scans of 100 patients (41 males and 59 females) were included in the study. The third molars were assessed and categorized using the modified Demirijian's chart. The length of the mandibular body was obtained by measuring the length between the Gonion (Go) and the Gnathion(Gn). The height of the condyle was obtained by measuring the distance between the maximum condylar height and the minimum height at the sigmoid notch. The values obtained were subjected to statistical analysis and age estimation formula for each parameter derived by simple linear regression analysis. Results: The standard error in age estimation with third molar calcification, length of mandibular body and height of condyle was 6.146, 7.511 and 7.504 years respectively. Among the three variables used third molar calcification showed least standard error (6.146 years). When compared across the gender, in females the dental parameter was more reliable in the 12-18-year age group and the skeletal parameters were more accurate in the above 18 age group whereas in contrast in males the height of condyle was reliable in the 12-18 age group whereas third molar calcification and length of the mandibular body was more accurate in the above 18 age group. Conclusion: With the number of samples analyzed and the results obtained, it can be concluded that the third molar calcification could be a comparatively reliable method for age estimation among the three parameters used.