Abstract
The influences of the sintering process and AgNO3 addition on the phase formation and radiation shielding characteristics of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 were studied. Three ceramics (code: C0, C1, and C2) were prepared as follows: C0 was obtained after calcination and only one sintering step, C1 was obtained after calcination and two sintering cycles, and C2 was prepared after the addition of AgNO3 at the beginning of the final sintering stage. C2 displayed the maximum volume fraction of the Bi-2223 phase (76.4 vol%), the greatest crystallite size, and high density. The linear mass attenuation coefficient (µ) has been simulated using the Monte Carlo simulation. The µ values are high at 15 keV (257.2 cm−1 for C0, 417.57 cm−1 for C1, and 421.16 cm−1 for C2), and these values dropped and became 72.58, 117.83 and 133.19 cm−1 at 30 keV. The µ value for the ceramics after sintering is much higher than the ceramic before sintering. In addition, the µ value for C2 is higher than that of C1, suggesting that the AgNO3 improves the radiation attenuation performance for the fabricated ceramics. It was demonstrated that the sintering and AgNO3 addition have a considerable influence on the ceramic thickness required to attenuate the radiation.
Highlights
At present, high-temperature superconductors (HTS) are one of the most examined progressive materials, owing to their promising standpoints in a variety of technology and science fields [1]
We aim to study the structure development and the radiation shielding traits of (Bi1.6, Pb0.4 ) Sr2 Ca2 Cu3 O10 ceramic prepared under different sintering cycles and with AgNO3 addition during the final sintering step
We have conducted a comparative investigation of the formation phase and radiation protecting properties of three (Bi, phase formation of Bi (Pb))-2223 ceramics
Summary
High-temperature superconductors (HTS) are one of the most examined progressive materials, owing to their promising standpoints in a variety of technology and science fields [1]. Numerous applications will be technologically advanced in radioactive surroundings, such as nuclear fusion reactors, spatial investigations, or particle accelerators, etc., where radiation can produce severe alteration in material characteristics. Predicting and controlling these alterations is within the scope of many specialists devoted to studying the influences of radiation on superconducting materials. The half-value layer, and radiation protecting efficiency are basic quantities required to study interactions. These parameters are reliant on the incident energy and the type and quality of the absorbing substances. Photon accumulation factors (which depend on energy, thickness, and chemical compositions) are critical parameters that are necessitated to effectively protect the mixture or compound
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