Abstract
The article reports a study carried out on metallic samples extracted from a metallurgically bonded clad pipe (API 5L X65 steel-Inconel 825 alloy) subjected to a solution heat treatment at 1200 °C and a subsequent aging treatment at 650 °C for different times in order to promote microstructural changes in thermo-metallurgical bonded materials. The non-destructive thermoelectric potential (TEP) technique was used to monitor microstructure changes due to the artificial aging process. In addition, micro-hardness tests were carried out on the metallic materials and micrographs were obtained by means of an optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The TEP value changed with solution treatment temperature and reached a maximum value for solution treatment at 1200 °C. The changes in TEP during solution treatment were caused by changes in the solubility of the alloying elements. In the artificial aging process, the TEP value decreased with increasing aging time due to the precipitation process, but exhibited distinct characteristics for the different zones at the clad pipe samples.
Highlights
In the oil industry, the pipe system is a fundamental part of the transporting infrastructure, which directly affects the production costs [1]
Clad pipes have been used as a safe method to transport contaminated oil and gas from the well to the processing facilities [3]
Samples were extracted from clad pipe manufactured by hot metallurgical bonding process, where a pair of corrosion-resistant alloy (CRA) sheets are placed wall sections of a 24-inch clad pipe manufactured by hot metallurgical bonding process, where a pair in the middle of base metal sheets, welded together around the edges, and hot rolled to the of CRA sheets are placed in the middle of base metal sheets, welded together around the edges, and required thickness
Summary
The pipe system is a fundamental part of the transporting infrastructure, which directly affects the production costs [1]. The depletion of reserves in near-shore waters and the increase in the demand for hydrocarbons have resulted in a global grow of the exploitation at deep waters [2]. Over time, components such as H2 S and CO2 deteriorate the steel pipes because of a natural aging process. Components such as H2 S and CO2 deteriorate the steel pipes because of a natural aging process This natural process is accelerated due to prolonged exposure at operating temperatures between 25 and 70 ◦ C in addition to variations in the working pressure [1,3]. Clad pipes have been used as a safe method to transport contaminated oil and gas from the well to the processing facilities [3]
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