Abstract
Background: Treatment process for heavy metal and dye removal is a worrying factor in environmental health because it can contribute to the formation of new contaminants. Objectives: To obtain and use chitosan from Zygomycetes for removal process of heavy metal (cadmium) and azodyes (Reactive Black and Remazol Red). Methods: Chitosan was obtained by Rhizopus arrhizus UCP 402 and Mucor javanicus UCP 69 following the described method of Synowiecki and Al-Khateeb (1997) and submitted to removal tests for 18 h, with different concentrations of Cadmium (0.5-4 mM), Reactive Black (B) and Remazol Red (1-1000 mg/L) in orbital shaker under 150 rpm at 28°C. Then, the samples were submitted to spectrophotometry and chitosan exposed to the contaminants were submitted to electronic microscopy analysis. Results: The efficiency of cadmium removal by Rhizopus arrhizus chitosan showed data of 92% (0.5 mM), 92.8% (1 mM), 75.9% (2 mM), 54% (3 mM) and 54.5% (4 mM) at pH 6.0. The efficiency of dyes removal by Mucor javanicus chitosan was about 100% (1 mg/L), 100% (10 mg/L), 100% (50 mg/L), 98% (100 mg/L), 55% (1000 mg/L) for Reactive Black (B) and 100% (1 mg/L), 100% (10 mg/L), 100% (50 mg/L), 98% (100 mg/L), 59% (1000 mg/L) for Remazol Red. Conclusion: Chitosan obtained by the strains was capable of removing cadmium and the reactive dyes: Reactive Black (B) and Remazol Red in all conditions tested.
Highlights
The heavy metal contamination is one of the most worrying factors for environmental health, as they are transported in solution, and can reach high concentrations in enclosed areas on their own, or for biological amplification [1].Cadmium is widely used in the manufacture of batteries, electroplating, pigments, metal alloys of low melting point, electrolytic coating of metals, enamels and textile dyes in control rods in nuclear fission, among others
We evaluated the Cadmium, Remazol Red and Reactive Black (B) removal efficiency by the chitosan obtained from Rhizopus arrhizus UCP 402 and Mucor javanicus UCP 69
Microorganism and culture conditions Rhizopus arrhizus UCP 402 and Mucor javanicus UCP 69 were obtained from the Culture Collection of the Nucleus of Research in Environmental Science and Biotechnology – Catholic University of Pernambuco – Brazil, included in the Rede Nordestina de Microorganismos do Norte e Nordeste (RENEBRA) and registered in the World Federation Culture Collection (WFCC)
Summary
The heavy metal contamination is one of the most worrying factors for environmental health, as they are transported in solution, and can reach high concentrations in enclosed areas on their own, or for biological amplification [1].Cadmium is widely used in the manufacture of batteries, electroplating, pigments, metal alloys of low melting point, electrolytic coating of metals, enamels and textile dyes in control rods in nuclear fission, among others. The textile industry has one of the largest generations of polluting processes, contributing quantitatively and qualitatively with pollution load rejected in the environment, covering five different fields: liquid effluents, emissions and particles, solid waste, odors and noise When this effluent is disposed, it can cause impacts on the receiving body originating from its pollution load, and contamination because the textile effluents have high values for color levels, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids and low dissolved oxygen concentrations [4]. These dyes (natural or xenobiotic) in a particular environment typically remain unchanged or have a very slow degradation kinetics for the conventional biological processes, and generate the final effluent (after treatment), which still very intense staining. Treatment process for heavy metal and dye removal is a worrying factor in environmental health because it can contribute to the formation of new contaminants
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