Abstract
This study was aimed to reveal the relationship between the B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography features of the portio vaginalis of the cervix in Simmental cattle with different physiological and pathological conditions of genital organs. For this purpose, 90 cattle were used in the study. The length, width and circumference of the portio vaginalis of the cervix were measured ultrasonographically using a 5 MHz linear probe. In addition, the portio vaginalis of the cervix was ultrasonographically evaluated in terms of echogenicity, cystic formations, calcification and integrity of its borders. Regarding the colour Doppler ultrasonography, measurements of the vascular distribution category, vascular density and the vascular morphological appearance were made. In this study, it was found that the rate of irregularity of the border of the portio vaginalis in B-mode ultrasonography according to the pregnancy status was 10.9% in non-pregnant cows, while this was not observed in pregnant cows (0.0%). According to the metritis status, it was observed that the rate of regularity of the border of the portio vaginalis was higher in animals with metritis (45.5%) in B-mode ultrasonography. As a result, it was concluded that there were significant changes in the B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography characteristics of the portio vaginalis of the cervix in different physiological and pathological conditions in cattle, and that hypotheses can be developed regarding the fertility of the animals by evaluating these characteristics.
Highlights
Examination of the reproductive organs in cattle usually begins with finding the cervix uteri
It was found that the rate of irregularity of the border of the portio vaginalis in B-mode ultrasonography according to the pregnancy status was 10.9% in non-pregnant cows, while this was not observed in pregnant cows (0.0%)
No significant difference was found in the vascular morphological appearance, vascular density and vascular distribution category of the portio vaginalis according to age groups (P > 0.05)
Summary
Examination of the reproductive organs in cattle usually begins with finding the cervix uteri. The position of the cervix uteri varies depending on the pregnancy status and the number of pregnancies. It is found in the pelvic cavity in sexually immature animals, but in pregnant animals, it extends towards the cranial part of the pelvis. Cervix uteri has a harder consistency and a cylindrical structure compared to the uterus. It is approximately 2 cm in diameter and 4 cm in length in heifer. The cervix uteri is detected at the level of the urinary bladder by ultrasonography in non-pregnant cows. Cervix uteri measurement by ultrasonography is used to evaluate the reproductive status in cows (LeBlanc et al 2002). Using the colour Doppler technique, information on the vascular distribution category, vascular density, and vascular morphological appearance of the target organ and tissue and their pathological changes can be obtained (Moorthy 2002; Mrdjen 2013)
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