Evaluation of the physiological state of feijoa (Feijoa sellowiana Berg) in subtropical Russia

Zuhra Omarova,Magomed Omarov,Oksana Belous,Nataliia Platonova

doi:10.5219/1290

Abstract

The article presents the results of research examining varietal diversity with respect the activity of oxidative enzymes (EC 1.11.1.6) and the dry matter and Proline accumulation of leaves under optimal and stressful conditions. For feijoa, the most stressful period in the subtropics of Russia, with respect to hydrothermal conditions, occurs between July and September. Studies have shown that the highest degree of enzymatic activity is observed in August in the ‘Superba’ variety of feijoa, which was used as a control in this study, and the lowest level of activity was observed in the 'Sentjabrskaja' variety. The long-term water deficit experienced in September coincides with fruiting in feijoa. This causes a change in catalase activity in leaves, which is maintained until it is inhibited. Form ShV-1 of feijoa is characterised by its metabolic stability. In fact, the activity of oxidative enzymes in leaves of the variety is stable. Dry matter content per unit area increases as the leaf grows. During the drought period, which coincides with active fruiting, the leaves of the ‘Dachnaja' variety and the ShV-1 form accumulate significantly less dry matter than other varieties. In the ‘Dagomysskaja' variety, the intensity of organic matter consumption via respiration and outflow exceeds visible photosynthesis, which is expressed as a negative value (average = 1.96 g.dm-2 h). To fully characterise the physiological state of feijoa plants under the influence of abiotic factors and catalase activity in the humid subtropics of Russia, indicators of dry matter accumulation and true photosynthesis intensity can be used.

Highlights

According to the modern Botanical classification, feijoa belongs to the Myrtaceae family of the order Myrtales (Bose, Mitra and Sanyal, 2001; Omarova and Kulyan, 2019; Ryndin, 2019)
The resistance of plants to adverse environmental factors is largely determined by the activation of the antioxidant enzyme system, which inhibit the damaging effects of oxidative stress
CAT is a key enzyme involved in protection against oxidants, and the enzyme catalyzes a number of metabolic reactions

Summary

Introduction

According to the modern Botanical classification, feijoa belongs to the Myrtaceae family of the order Myrtales (Bose, Mitra and Sanyal, 2001; Omarova and Kulyan, 2019; Ryndin, 2019). The family includes 72 genera and about 100 species that grow in the tropics and subtropics, mainly throughout America, North-West Africa and Australia. Feijoa is native to the subtropical zone of South America. In its wild form, it grows over a large area consisting of shrubby and mixed forests in southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Northern Argentina. These areas lack sharp fluctuations in air temperature and precipitation (Belous, Omarov and Omarova, 2014; Kedelidze et al, 2015; Phan et al, 2019). The genus Feijoa includes three species, F. obovata Berg, F. shenkiana, and F. sellowiana Berg. F. obovata and F. shenkiana do not occur. Since its use is advantageous relative to the other varieties of feijoa, only F. sellowiana (synonyms: Acca sellowiana Berg, Orthostemon sellowiana Berg) is widely known and industrially significant

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