Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the physical properties and antifungal activities of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic resins after the incorporation of chlorhexidine diacetate salt (CDA).Methodology:First, acrylic resin specimens were fabricated with Vipi Cor® and DuraLay® resins with and without the incorporation of 0.5%, 1.0% or 2.0% CDA. The residual monomer and CDA release were measured at intervals ranging from 2 hours to 28 days using ultraviolet spectrometry combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. The antifungal activity against C. albicans was evaluated with the agar diffusion method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the degree of resin conversion. Finally, the water sorption values of the resins were also measured.Results:The incorporated CDA concentration significantly changed the rate of CDA release (p<0.0001); however, the brand of the material appeared to have no significant influence on drug release. Subsequently, the inhibition zones were compared between the tested groups and within the same brand, and only the comparisons between the CDA 2% and CDA 1% groups and between the CDA 1% and CDA 0.5% groups failed to yield significant differences. Regarding the degrees of conversion, the differences were not significant and were lower only in the CDA 2% groups. Water sorption was significantly increased at the 1.0% and 2.0% concentrations.Conclusions:We concluded that the incorporation of CDA into PMMA-based resins enabled the inhibition of C. albicans growth rate, did not alter the degrees of conversion of the tested resins and did not change the release of residual monomers.
Highlights
A large variety of microorganisms take advantage of the environments generated by prostheses and use them as a substrate for colonization.1,2 Candida albicans, one of these microorganisms, is an opportunistic pathogen capable of generating inflammatory responses in tissues, especially in immunocompromised patients.3-6 it is a fact that acrylic resins are porous and have low resistance to abrasion.7,8 Over time, increased surface roughness commonly leads to biofilm accumulation, creating a conducive environment to the development of microorganisms such as the C. albicans.2,9,10The principal form to control and eliminate infections caused by C. albicans is the use of proper hygiene aids and drugs with antifungal activity
Chlorhexidine has proven antifungal action against C. albicans and the advantage of being effective even against strains that are resistant to other local antifungal agents available to treat this infection in the oral cavity
This study aims to assess this drug influence following its incorporation into auto-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)based resins and the ability of such resins to release the drug by testing the following null hypotheses: a) chlorhexidine incorporation does not alter residual monomers leaching from the resins; b) chlorhexidine incorporated into rigid acrylic resins is not released from PMMA; c) chlorhexidine incorporation into acrylic resins does not enable the drug to inhibit C. albicans growth rate; d) chlorhexidine incorporation does not change the degrees of the conversion of the evaluated resins; and e) chlorhexidine incorporation does not alter the water sorption of PMMA-based acrylic resins
Summary
A large variety of microorganisms take advantage of the environments generated by prostheses and use them as a substrate for colonization. Candida albicans, one of these microorganisms, is an opportunistic pathogen capable of generating inflammatory responses in tissues, especially in immunocompromised patients. it is a fact that acrylic resins are porous and have low resistance to abrasion. Over time, increased surface roughness commonly leads to biofilm accumulation, creating a conducive environment to the development of microorganisms such as the C. albicans.2,9,10The principal form to control and eliminate infections caused by C. albicans is the use of proper hygiene aids and drugs with antifungal activity. A large variety of microorganisms take advantage of the environments generated by prostheses and use them as a substrate for colonization.. Over time, increased surface roughness commonly leads to biofilm accumulation, creating a conducive environment to the development of microorganisms such as the C. albicans.. The principal form to control and eliminate infections caused by C. albicans is the use of proper hygiene aids and drugs with antifungal activity. Among these drugs, chlorhexidine has proven antifungal action against C. albicans and the advantage of being effective even against strains that are resistant to other local antifungal agents available to treat this infection in the oral cavity.
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