Abstract
Salmonellosis remains a major problematic food born zoonosis worldwide. Poultry and poultry products have been frequently incriminated as the major sources for the aetiological agent, Salmonella species. The implementation of appropriate surveillance and monitoring programme for food safety ultimately requires the examination of food for the presence of food borne pathogens. This study was aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of Modified Semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis (MSRV) and Muller-Kauffmann tetrathionate-novobiocin (MKTTn) selective enrichment media for the isolation of Salmonella, as well as assessment of the performance of xylose-lysine-deoxycholate (XLD) agar as the classical and preferential selective plating medium by comparing it with Brilliant Green (BG) agar for the detection of Salmonella in the primary production of poultry based on the ISO 6579:2002. Three hundred and seventy-four (374) samples from the primary poultry production system underwent the traditional culture method for the detection of Salmonella involving pre-enrichment, selective enrichment, selective plating and confirmation. The rate of recovery of Salmonella from the entire samples was 59.1%. The rate of recovery of Salmonella from XLD and BG selective plating media when MSRV selective enrichment media was used was 98.2% and 95.5% respectively whereas 90.0% and 64.3% respectively when MKTTn selective enrichment media was used. The highest sensitivity was observed in the combination of MSRV/XLD (0.98), followed by MSRV/BG (0.95). The combination of MSRV/BG had the highest specificity (0.88) followed by MKTTn/BG (0.65). Based on the results of this study, selective enrichment media play a substantial role on the sensitivity and specificity of the selective plating media. MSRV was revealed as the most important selective enrichment medium, necessary for the investigation of Salmonella and that its combination with BG selective plating media yielded the best result for the selective isolation of Salmonella in the primary production of poultry.
Highlights
The poultry production settings have been frequently implicated as major reservoirs for Salmonella species, and Salmonellas still remains a major problematic zoonosis resulting in significant morbidity in both humans and animals worldwide [1] [2]
When XLD selective plating media was used, samples cultured in Modified Semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis (MSRV) yielded 217 (98.2%) confirmed Salmonella positive plates while samples cultured in Muller-Kauffmann tetrathionate-novobiocin (MKTTn) yielded 199 (90.0%) confirmed Salmonella positive plates
When Brilliant Green (BG) selective plating media was used, samples cultured in MSRV yielded 211 (95.5%) confirmed Salmonella positive plates while samples cultured in MKTTn yielded 142 (64.3%) confirmed Salmonella positive plates
Summary
The poultry production settings have been frequently implicated as major reservoirs for Salmonella species, and Salmonellas still remains a major problematic zoonosis resulting in significant morbidity in both humans and animals worldwide [1] [2]. Food safety is mainly geared towards the detection of pathogenic microorganisms that may render the food unsuitable for human consumption and the conventional methods for the detection of Salmonella and other food borne pathogens is by the traditional culture methods. These methods have the merits of reliability of the media, easy to perform and the capacity to recover the causative agents even at very small numbers [6] [7]. The ISO 6579:2002 standard method for detection of Salmonella from primary animal production has been evaluated and widely adopted by several standard laboratories worldwide [8]. This standard method requires four relevant stages which involves 1) non-selective pre-enrichment in modified Buffered Peptone water (BPW); 2) the selective enrichment in Modified Semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis (MSRV) or Muller-Kauffmann tetrathionate-novobiocin broth (MKTTn); 3) the selective plating on xylose-lysine-deoxycholate (XLD) agar and an additional suitable selective plate of choice and; 4) confirmation characteristics [5] [9]-[12]
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