Abstract
Five Vietnamese rice varieties, which differ in their basic chemical composition (starch content, amylose content, fiber content) including polished rices and whole grain rices, were chosen for this study. High-fat diet-induced obesity, using these rice, was subjected to in vivo experiments to evaluate the effects of body weight gain, caloric intake, postprandial blood glucose level (PBGL), and glycemic index (GI) in tested mice groups. PBGL peaks appeared at 30th minute after eating, and GI of each experimental group was ranked in order as GN > TL > HR > GM > LĐ and GN > LT > HR > LĐ > GM, respectively, in which, brown rice (LĐ) and germinated brown rice (GM) had low GI. Furthermore, these rice varieties caused the lowest LDL cholesterol and the ratio of LDL/HDL cholesterols in mice. In this study, the higher the amylose and fiber contents were, the lower glycemic index, triglycerides, LDL, and LDL/HDL values were. The golden flower glutinous rice (GN), with low amylose and fiber content, gave worse blood lipid parameters than that of GM and LĐ. Histopathological studies of white adipose and liver tissues showed that LĐ and GM significantly reduced the symptoms of obesity and fatty liver compared with the others, especially compared to GN. The results obtained from this study help patients with overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes choose the right rice variety for their daily diet to be able to control their diseases.
Highlights
Base on the statements of WHO [1], overweight and obesity are the excess of fat accumulation and can have adverse health effects
Our study has shown the lower potential for body weight gain of germ rice (GM), LĐ, and HR in high-fat diets (HFD) diets compared to that of glutinous rice (GN) and TL
The results of this study showed that jasmine rice (TL) and golden flower glutinous rice (GN) have a high glycemic index because of their low amylose and crude fiber contents
Summary
Base on the statements of WHO [1], overweight and obesity are the excess of fat accumulation and can have adverse health effects. Being overweight and obesity can be the main reasons of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, musculoskeletal medical (especially osteoarthritis), and some cancers. White rice lost its fiber, vitamins, polyphenols, crude fat, and protein. The use of low-GI brown rice, instead of white rice, may minimize the risk of obesity [4]. Low-GI carbohydrates may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease [2]. Many previous studies showed evidences that these components can reduce low-density lipoprotein level, total cholesterol level, and control blood pressure and can prevent colorectal cancer [6,7,8]. This study compared the effects of five Vietnamese rice varieties (including various amylose/amylopectin ratio and fiber contents) in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. The differences in body weight gain, postprandial blood glucose level, blood lipid, histopathology of liver, and adipose tissue were investigated
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