Abstract
Down Syndrome or Trisomy of chromosome 21, as it is also known worldwide, is characterized by an error in chromosome distribution with the presence of an extra chromosome in the distal portion of it, generating specific physical and clinical characteristics throughout these people's lives. This paper aims to identify and discuss the main issues related to the role of oral health in the quality of life of people with Down syndrome. A search for papers was carried out in the following electronic databases: BIREME and PubMed, between the years 2010 to 2020. The search for electronic databases retrieved 22 articles. After reading the title and abstract, reading in full and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 09 articles were selected. It is concluded that there are frequent oral alterations in people with Down syndrome and some of these can be observed and treated from the first months of the child's life. In this way, the present study contributes in a scientific way to the general knowledge of oral problems and frequent alterations in people with down syndrome and elucidates their means of prevention and dental treatments from early childhood as a way to improve the quality of life and well-being of these patients.
Highlights
Down syndrome was the first chromosomal malformation detected in man and currently the scientific literature indicates that it is the syndrome with chromosomal anomaly most present in the human race
This paper aims to identify and discuss the main issues related to the role of oral health in the quality of life of people with Down syndrome
Down syndrome is characterized by an error in chromosomal distribution where there is no meiotic, mitotic or translocation disjunction and there is the presence of the extra chromosome already in the intrauterine phase, generating specific physical characteristics throughout this individual's life, such as eyes in an oblique position with internal commissures that diverge from each other, narrow palpebral fissure and large, thick lips with transverse folds
Summary
Down syndrome was the first chromosomal malformation detected in man and currently the scientific literature indicates that it is the syndrome with chromosomal anomaly most present in the human race. Known worldwide as trisomy 21, down syndrome has as a determining factor the presence of an extra chromosome 21 in the distal portion of it. Regarding its etiology, this is not yet fully elucidated, with the hypothesis of advanced maternal age being reported as the most accepted (Nacamura, 2015; Garcia, 2019). Given the presence of these phenotypic characteristics in the newborn, it is possible to conclude the diagnosis of Down syndrome. In prenatal care, ultrasound (USG) or biochemical tests allow confirming the diagnosis through samples taken from the chorionic villi or amniocentesis exam in order to diagnose changes associated with the baby's chromosomes (Nardes, 2017; Duarte, 2019)
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