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Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the preventive effects of anthocyanins extracts (MAEs) from mulberry variety PR-01 against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. It was found that 150 mg·kg-1 MAEs treatment significantly reduced the NDEA-induced hepatic nodules incidence and hepatocellular carcinoma incidence by 58.30% and 41.70% compared to the model group. Meanwhile, MAEs significantly restored the elevated the liver function enzymes, inhibited the tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 levels, elevated the serum interleukin-10 and interferon-γ and increased hepatic glutathione-S-transferase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B1 enzyme activity. Moreover, 150 mg·kg-1 MAEs supplement enhanced glutathione content and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities but reduced the malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances content by 37.90% and 44.52%. Furthermore, MAEs pretreatment maintained nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, heme oxygenase-1, and NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase1 stimulation and inhibited the expression of TNF-α, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), indicating that MAEs exhibit effectively prevention effects against liver cancer via decreased lipid peroxidation, induced Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes and attenuating the inflammatory mediators COX-2 through NF-κB pathway. Thus, MAEs of mulberry variety PR-01 may be used as a good functional dietary supplement against liver cancer.
Highlights
According to the histological classification, primary liver cancer can be divided into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma and mixed liver cancer, among which HCC is the most common [1] [2]
This study aims to evaluate the preventive effects of anthocyanins extracts (MAEs) from mulberry variety PR-01 against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats
Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC)-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis showed the pelargonidin 3-glucoside (P3G), C3R and C3G is the main anthocyanins (Figure 1), which was in agreement with that reported by Song [17] and Huang [24]
Summary
According to the histological classification, primary liver cancer can be divided into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma and mixed liver cancer, among which HCC is the most common [1] [2]. Despite significant improvements in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of early HCC, the advanced HCC is a highly aggressive tumor with poor or no response to conventional treatment [3] [4]. In the past few decades, dietary studies have shown that regular consumption of fruits and vegetables reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer [5] [6] [7]. Colored fruits and vegetable foods contain abundant anthocyanins, including cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), pelargonidin-3-glucoside (P3G), malvidin-3-glucoside (M3G), peonidin-3-glucoside, petunidin-3-glucoside, and delphinidin-3-galacside, etc. Epidemiological and laboratory data have shown that anthocyanins have many biological activities, such as inhibition of the growth of cancerous cells, improving immune responses [7] [10], reducing cardiovascular diseases [11], and promoting anti-obesity effects [12]
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