Evaluation of the interfacial bond properties between carbon phenolic and glass phenolic composites

Abstract

The effects of moisture and surface finish on the mechanical and physical properties of the interfacial bond between the carbon/phenolic (C/P) and glass/phenolic (G/P) composite materials are presented in this paper. Four flat panel laminates were fabricated using the C/P and G/P materials. Of the four laminates, one panel was fabricated in which the C/P and G/P materials were cured simultaneously. It was identified as the cocure. The remaining laminates were processed with an initial simultaneous cure of the three C/P billets. Two surface finishes, one on each half, were applied to the top surface. Prior to the application and cure of the G/P material to the machined surface of the three C/P panels, each was subjected to specific environmental conditioning. Types of conditioning included: (a) nominal fabrication environment, (b) a prescribed drying cycle, and (c) a total immersion in water at 71 ‡C. Physical property tests were performed on specimens removed from the C/P materials of each laminate for determination of the specific gravity, residual volatiles and resin content. Comparison of results with Shuttle Solid Rocket Motor (SRM) nozzle material specifications verified that the materials used in fabricating the laminates met acceptance criteria and were respresentative of SRM nozzle materials. Mechanical property tests were performed at room temperature on specimens removed from the G/P, the C/P and at the interface between the two materials for each laminate. The double-notched shear strength test was used to determine the ultimate interlaminar shear strength. Results indicate no appreciable difference in the C/P material of the four laminates with the exception of the cocure laminate, where a 20% reduction in the strength was observed. The most significant effect occurred in the bondline specimens. The failure mode was shifted from the C/P material to the interface and the ultimate strength was significantly reduced in the wet material. No appreciable variation was noted between the surface finishes in the wet laminate.