Evaluation of the influences of solution path length and additives concentrations on the solar photo-Fenton degradation of 4-chlorophenol using multivariate analysis

Abstract

This study reports the photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) in aqueous solution by the photo-Fenton process using solar irradiation. The influence of solution path length, and Fe(NO 3) 3 and H 2O 2 concentrations on the degradation of 4-CP is evaluated by response surface methodology. The degradation process was monitored by the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) and the release of chloride ion. The results showed a very important role of iron concentration either for TOC removal or dechlorination. On the other hand, a negative effect of increasing solution path length on mineralization was observed, which can be compensated by increasing the iron concentration. This permits an adjustment of the iron concentration according to the irradiation exposure area and path length (depth of a tank reactor). Under optimum conditions of 1.5 mM Fe(NO 3) 3, 20.0 mM H 2O 2 and 4.5 cm solution path length, 17 min irradiation under solar light were sufficient to reduce a 72 mg C L −1 solution of 4-CP by 91%.