Abstract
This article presents a simulation study of the suspension system in a vehicle that weighs approximately 12 tons (class N2). The authors have tested the influence of experimentally determined values of friction coefficients on the energy dissipated in the multi-leaf spring. The study was carried out using finite element analysis with LS-DYNA software. A nonlinear vibration model of the complete spring was developed, including the variable friction forces between the leafs. The model takes into account the sprung and unsprung mass of the chassis. Numerical tests were carried out using three different coefficients of friction (determined experimentally) for a selected speed of the car. Random realizations of the road micro-profile (type A, B, C) recommended by ISO 8608 were used. The results of the tests were presented in the form of acceleration curves in the vertical direction, comparative plots of daily vibration exposure A(8) and vibration transmission coefficient (T), and the distributions of RMS acceleration in frequency of one-third octave bands. This data was used to assess the quality of the vibration isolation system between the front suspension of the vehicle and the driver’s seat.
Highlights
In many areas of the world, dynamic and uncontrolled economic development causes irreversible degradation of the environment [7]
In addition to the results presented above, an analysis of the distribution of Root mean square (RMS) values of accelerations in frequency one-third octave bands [11] was performed according to ISO standard [10]
The presented nonlinear, flat mathematical model of the dependent suspension of a car weighing about 12 tons, the proposal of its simplification, the method of discretization of the structure, the scope of research and the method of solution constitute a useful tool for creating new designs or modernizing existing dependent suspensions of motor vehicles
Summary
In many areas of the world, dynamic and uncontrolled economic development causes irreversible degradation of the environment (climate change, pollution, degradation of natural water and land areas, including forest stands, etc.) [7]. The literature presents various models of elastic elements [2] (onedimensional, two-dimensional or spatial), such as simple discrete models [3] and more complex numerical models [1] developed with the use of the finite element method (FEM) [8, 14] or special modelling techniques that are used to describe the vehicle suspension vibrations [19]. Numerical models for the evaluation of vehicle suspension quality and driver working conditions occupy a special place in the field of road transport. The model takes into account the state of the leaf’s interacting surfaces, their velocities resulting from mutual displacement and variable values of friction forces caused by deflections of the suspension. The authors focused on the dynamic effects of the car’s suspension which were caused by driving on selected roads, as well as the loads created in the car systems (components) – with particular attention to the driver’s seat. As distributions of the effective values of acceleration in the vertical direction in the one-third octave bands
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